Trends in the burden and determinants of HIV in the Asia‐Pacific region (1990−2019): An age‐period‐cohort analysis of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study

Abstract

Although the burden of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Asia‐Pacific region is increasingly severe, comprehensive evidence of the burden of HIV is scarce. We aimed to report the burden of HIV in people aged 15−79 years from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. We analyzed rates of age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years (ASDR), age‐standardized mortality (ASMR), and age‐standardized incidence (ASIR) in our age‐period‐cohort analysis by sociodemographic index (SDI). According to HIV reports in 2019 from 29 countries in the Asia‐Pacific region, the low SDI group in Papua New Guinea had the highest ASDR, ASMR, and ASIR. From 1990 to 2019, the ASDR, ASIR, and ASMR of persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) increased in 21 (72%) of the 29 countries in the Asia‐Pacific region. During the same period, the disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of AIDS patients in the low SDI group in the region grew the fastest, particularly in Nepal. The incidence of HIV among individuals aged 20−30 years in the low‐middle SDI group was higher than that of those in the other age groups. In 2019, unsafe sex was the main cause of HIV‐related ASDR in the region's 29 countries, followed by drug use. The severity of the burden of HIV/AIDS in the Asia‐Pacific region is increasing, especially among low SDI groups. Specific public health policies should be formulated based on the socioeconomic development level of each country to alleviate the burden of HIV/AIDS.

Trends and Distribution of Infertility — Asia Pacific Region, 1990–2021

“…The analysis focused on the prevalence and number of infertility cases, as well as the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized prevalence rates for both sexes over the 31-year period. Given that the Asia-Pacific region theoretically includes 39 countries, this study narrowed its focus to the 29 countries identified in recent research by The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) ① ( 4 ). Infertility prevalence number was determined by the total number of cases within the population, while the prevalence rate was calculated per 100,000 population.…”