BACKGROUND
Time shared with a partner is an indicator of marital well-being and
couples want to spend time together. However, time with a partner depends on
work and family arrangements as well as the policies, norms, and values that
prevail in society. Contrary to time spent with children, couples’
shared time in cross-national context is relatively unstudied. Previous
studies from specific countries show that dual-earner couples spend less
time together and that parents spend less time alone together.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study is to investigate partnered parents’
shared time across countries to understand how social conditions, cultural
norms, and policy contexts are related to the amount and nature of
couples’ shared time. Specifically, we compare time with a partner
in the US, France, and Spain.
METHODS
We use data from national time use surveys conducted in the US,
France, and Spain. We leverage information about with whom activities are
done to examine three types of time shared with a partner for parents with
children under age 10: total time with a partner indicates
the minutes per day spent in the presence of a partner; exclusive
time corresponds to the minutes per day spent alone with a
partner when no one else is present; and family time
indicates the minutes per day spent with a partner and a child at the same
time.
RESULTS
Our results show that American couples spend the least time together,
and Spanish couples spend the most time together. Parents in France spend
the most time alone together. The most striking difference across countries
is in time with a partner and children, which is much higher among Spanish
families.
CONCLUSION
Paid work constraints explain a small part of the differences in
couples’ shared time that we observe between countries. Differences
in couples’ shared time across countries seem to be related to
social norms surrounding family and general time use.