Trends in Self-reported and Biochemically Tested Marijuana Use Among Pregnant Females in California From 2009-2016

Young-Wolff, Kelly C.; Tucker, Lue-Yen; Alexeeff, Stacey; Armstrong, Mary Anne; Conway, Amy; Weisner, Constance; Goler, Nancy

doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17225

Cited by 220 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Overall, the prevalence of prenatal cannabis use ranged from 0.24% to 22.6% across studies (Table S1). Prenatal cannabis users tended to be younger than 25 years of age, single, and of low parity, compared with nonusers. They were also more likely to have lower income, less than a high school education, and public or no health insurance .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Singh

Filion

Abenhaim

et al. 2019

BJOG

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Background With expanding recreational cannabis legalisation, pregnant women and their offspring are at risk of potentially harmful consequences. Objectives To assess the prevalence of recreational cannabis use among pregnant women, health outcomes associated with prenatal recreational cannabis use, and the potential impact of recreational cannabis legalisation on this population. Search strategy Five databases and the grey literature were systematically searched (2000–2019). Selection criteria Human studies published in English or French reporting on the prevalence of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries. Data collection and analysis Data on study characteristics, prenatal substance use, and health outcomes were extracted and qualitatively synthesised. Main results Forty‐one publications met our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of prenatal cannabis use varied substantially (min–max: 0.24–22.6%), with the greatest use in the first trimester. In the three studies with temporal data available, rates of prenatal cannabis use increased across years. Only 7/41 and 5/41 studies provided information on gestational age of exposure and frequency of use, respectively. The concomitant use of alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco was higher among cannabis users than nonusers. Prenatal cannabis use was associated with select neonatal, but not maternal, health outcomes. There were insufficient data to compare prenatal cannabis use between the pre‐ and post‐legalisation periods. Conclusion Cannabis use among pregnant women is prevalent and may be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Future studies should assess the gestational age and frequency of cannabis exposure, and usage patterns prior to and following legalisation. Tweetable abstract Women who consume cannabis during pregnancy could risk predisposing their newborns to poor birth outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…After duplicates were removed, 6542 publications were screened by title and abstract. Of these, 109 were retrieved for full‐text review and 41 studies were included in our scoping review …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Singh

Filion

Abenhaim

et al. 2019

BJOG

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“…Another study found a relatively similar increase from 4.2% in 2009 to 7.1% in 2014 2 . Corresponding rates of alcohol use (e.g., 2001–2005:11.2% vs. 2011–2013:10.2%) and cigarette smoking (e.g., 2002: 13.3% vs. 2010: 12.3%) during pregnancy have generally decreased 3,4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Alcohol, Cigarette, and Cannabis Use Between 2002 and 2016 in Pregnant Women From a Nationally Representative Sample

et al. 2019

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“…In a recent national survey of the prevalence and patterns of substance use among pregnant women, 2.8% reported marijuana use during their first trimester of pregnancy (Sobrian, ). A recent study has reported that about 20% of pregnant women 24 years and younger tested positive for marijuana use (Young‐Wolff et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol and cannabinoids interact to alter behavior in a zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model

Boa-Amponsem

Zhang

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2019

Birth Defects Research

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Background: Recent work suggests that endocannabinoids (eCBs) may signal through the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. We therefore hypothesized that combined ethanol and eCB exposure during defined stages of zebrafish embryogenesis will produce deficits comparable to human fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to ethanol or cannabinoid agonists alone or in combination at defined developmental stages and assessed for changes in brain morphology or expression of marker genes such as pax6a. Juvenile fish were then assessed for risk-taking/anxiety-like behavior using the novel tank dive test. Results: Either chronic or acute exposure to high doses of the CB1R agonist ACEA resulted in FASD phenotypes. However, acute subthreshold doses of CB1R agonist alone, or combined with 0.5% ethanol, did not induce morphological phenotypes, but did induce dysmorphogenesis when combined with acute 1% ethanol. Phenotypes were rescued using the CB1R antagonist SR141716A. In addition, JZL195, a dual inhibitor of FAAH and MAGL, two degradative enzymes for eCBs, induced FASD phenotypes in the presence of subthreshold ethanol, confirming the activation of common signaling pathways by ethanol and eCBs. We next analyzed the effects of ethanol and CB1R agonist on juvenile zebrafish behavior and show that ACEA or ethanol alone did not alter behavior, but combined ACEA and ethanol increased risk-taking behavior. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that pathological and behavioral phenotypes associated with FASD are induced by exposure to CB1R agonists and suggest that combined exposure to lower levels of alcohol and marijuana may be capable of inducing FASD-like morphological and behavioral impairments.

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Trends in Self-reported and Biochemically Tested Marijuana Use Among Pregnant Females in California From 2009-2016

Cited by 220 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Prevalence and outcomes of prenatal recreational cannabis use in high‐income countries: a scoping review

Alcohol, Cigarette, and Cannabis Use Between 2002 and 2016 in Pregnant Women From a Nationally Representative Sample

Ethanol and cannabinoids interact to alter behavior in a zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model

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