Trends in Respiration Rate as an Indicator of Worsening Heart Failure

Tidal Volume and Minute Ventilation Parameters Derived from Pacemaker Impedance Measurements Can Predict Experimental Heart Failure Development

“…A series of preclinical and clinical investigations have found that daily RR became elevated prior to the worsening of HF. [23][24][25][26][27][28] However, in this study, the daily median of the RR did not change from BL to HF to REC. This may be explained by the change in the circadian effect on RR as HF developed.…”

“…February 2014 study by Page et al 22 Subsequently, a number of preclinical and clinical investigations have been conducted that suggested the elevation of respiratory rate (RR) prior to the worsening of HF. [23][24][25][26][27][28] To our knowledge, there has been no prospective study published using implantable devicebased ITI measurements of MV, tidal volume (TV), and RR to examine changes associated with HF development or decompensation.…”