Trends in registered medical marijuana participation across 13 US states and District of Columbia

Fairman, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.015

Cited by 107 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In this study of individuals who reported cannabis use in the past year, about a sixth of those who reside in states that legalized medical cannabis used cannabis recommended by a medical provider. Although, people who use medical cannabis currently comprise a minority of cannabis users, the number of people using medical cannabis may grow as more time elapses from passage of medical cannabis laws, and as more states legalize medical cannabis (19). Some studies in adults suggest a rise in the number of adults with cannabis use disorders (20), especially in states that have legalized medical cannabis due to the higher prevalence of use in those states (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing adults who use cannabis medically with those who use recreationally: Results from a national sample

Lin

Ilgen

Jannausch

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

146

117

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Objectives Cannabis has been legalized for medical use in almost half of the states in the U.S. Although laws in these states make the distinction between medical and recreational use of cannabis, the prevalence of people using medical cannabis and how distinct this group is from individuals using cannabis recreationally is unknown at a national level. Methods Data came from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). All adults endorsing past year cannabis use who reported living in a state that had legalized medical cannabis were divided into recreational cannabis use only and medical cannabis use. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared across these two groups. Results 17% of adults who used cannabis in the past year used cannabis medically. There were no significant differences between those who used medically versus recreationally in race, education, past year depression and prevalence of cannabis use disorders. In adjusted analyses, those with medical cannabis use were more likely to have poorer health and lower levels of alcohol use disorders and non-cannabis drug use. A third of those who reported medical cannabis use endorsed daily cannabis use compared to 11% in those who reported recreational use exclusively. Conclusions Adults who use medical and recreational cannabis shared some characteristics, but those who used medical cannabis had higher prevalence of poor health and daily cannabis use. As more states legalize cannabis for medical use, it is important to better understand similarities and differences between people who use cannabis medically and recreationally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing adults who use cannabis medically with those who use recreationally: Results from a national sample

Lin

Ilgen

Jannausch

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

146

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We analyzed 2013-2014 NSDUH because questions regarding medical marijuana use status were included in the survey since 2013. Prior findings suggested that children and adolescents accounted for a very small proportion (< 1%) of medical marijuana users (Fairman et al, 2016). As a result, a total of 15,440 past-year adult marijuana users (2013: n=7,770; 2014: n=7,670) were included for the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in behavioral health disorders and unmet treatment needs between medical marijuana users and recreational marijuana users: Results from a national adult sample

Park

2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Available data suggest that medical marijuana users may have more mental health problems than recreational marijuana users. There is limited information about differences in behavioral health disorders and unmet treatment needs between medical and recreational marijuana users. Methods We compared past-year prevalence of behavioral health disorders and unmet treatment needs across three marijuana subgroups (recreational use only, medical use only, and both). Sex-stratified logistic regression was performed to determine their associations with marijuana use status. We analyzed data from adults (≥18 years) who used marijuana in the past year (N=15,440) from 2013-2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Results Among 15,440 past-year marijuana users, 90.2% used recreational marijuana only, 6.2% used medical marijuana only, and 3.6% used both. Both users had the highest prevalence of behavioral health disorders and unmet treatment needs overall, with no significant sex differences. In the sex-specific logistic regression analysis, medical only users and both users showed somewhat different patterns of associations (reference group=recreational only users). Medical only users had decreased odds of alcohol or drug use disorders, and unmet need for alcohol or drug treatment among males and females. Additionally, female medical only users had decreased odds of opioid use disorder. Both users had increased odds of major depressive episode, hallucinogen use disorder, and unmet need for mental health services among males, and cocaine use disorder among females. Conclusions Different approaches tailored to individuals' sex and motives for marijuana use is needed for the prevention and treatment of behavioral health problems.

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“…Recent evidence suggests that, while not all MML states have enforced patient registration, the number of patients registered in medical marijuana programs across states have increased over time in MML states, particularly after 2009 when there were substantial changes in federal prosecution laws regarding marijuana cultivation, distribution and possession (Fairman, 2016). In addition, registration fees vary widely across MML states (Williams, 2016) Also, research has reported that home cultivation and the presence of dispensaries in MML states have resulted in diversion of marijuana to individuals (Nussbaum et al, 2015; RMHIDTA, 2014; Wirfs-Brock et al, 2010), including youth (Salomonsen-Sautel et al, 2012; Thurstone et al, 2011), who then use it for non-medical purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-level medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived availability of marijuana among the general U.S. population

Martins

Mauro

Santaella-Tenorio

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

167

139

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Background Little is known on how perceived availability of marijuana is associated with medical marijuana laws. We examined the relationship between medical marijuana laws (MML) and the prevalence of past-month marijuana use, with perceived availability of marijuana. Methods Data were from respondents included in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health restricted use data portal 2004–2013. Multilevel logistic regression of individual- level data was used to test differences between MML and non-MML states and changes in prevalence of past-month marijuana use and perceived availability from before to after passage of MML among adolescents, young adults and older adults controlling for demographics. Results Among adults 26+, past-month prevalence of marijuana use increased from 5.87% to 7.15% after MML passage (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.24 [1.16–1.31]), but no change in prevalence of use was found for 12–17 or 18–25 year-olds. Perceived availability of marijuana increased after MML were enacted among those 26+ but not in younger groups. Among all age groups, prevalence of marijuana use and perception of it being easily available was higher in states that would eventually pass MML by 2013 compared to those that had not. Perceived availability was significantly associated with increased risk of past-month marijuana use in all age groups. Conclusion Evidence suggests perceived availability as a driver of change in use of marijuana due to MML. To date, this has only occurred in adults 26+ and different scenarios that could explain this change need to be further explored.

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Trends in registered medical marijuana participation across 13 US states and District of Columbia

Abstract: Participation in MMJ programs varies considerably by state and within states over time. Trends are discussed within the context of federal and state policies, and the availability of marijuana via dispensaries.

Cited by 107 publications

References 31 publications

Comparing adults who use cannabis medically with those who use recreationally: Results from a national sample

Comparing adults who use cannabis medically with those who use recreationally: Results from a national sample

Differences in behavioral health disorders and unmet treatment needs between medical marijuana users and recreational marijuana users: Results from a national adult sample

State-level medical marijuana laws, marijuana use and perceived availability of marijuana among the general U.S. population

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