Trends in Racial/Ethnic and Nativity Disparities in Cardiovascular Health Among Adults Without Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 1988 to 2014

Brown, Arleen F.; Liang, Li; Vassar, Stefanie D.; Escarce, José J.; Merkin, Sharon Stein; Cheng, Eric M.; Richards, Adam; Seeman, Teresa E.; Longstreth, W. T.

doi:10.7326/m17-0996

Cited by 104 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Recent analyses of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data show persistent CV health disparities by LS7 composite scores between whites and AAs and call for multifaceted, community-level interventions to curtail and eradicate these gaps. 6 Our intervention, although a research prototype, offers an innovative medium to engage AA patients beyond office-based encounters through mobile technology with an overarching goal of diminishing CV disease risk and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Cardiovascular Health Among African-Americans Through Mobile Health: the FAITH! App Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Cardiovascular Health Among African-Americans Through Mobile Health: the FAITH! App Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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“…We adjusted for baseline age (years, continuous), sex, and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, and others) in model 1. We further adjusted for education level (less than high school, high school or equivalent, and college or above), family income-poverty ratio level (0-1.0, 1.1-3.0, >3.0),26 marital status (married, separated including widowed and divorced groups, and never married), smoking status (never, former, and current smoker), drinking status (non-drinker, low to moderate drinker defined as drinking <1 drink/day in women and <2 drinks/day in men, and heavy drinker defined as ≥1 drink/day in women and ≥2 drinks/day in men),27 and family history of diabetes or heart attack in model 2. We additionally adjusted for baseline moderate to vigorous leisure time physical activity level (0, 1-2, or ≥3 times/week),28 dietary pattern represented by the healthy eating index scores (HEI-1995 for NHANES 1988-94 and HEI-2015 for NHANES 1999-2014, both in quarters),29 and self reported health status (very good to excellent, good, and poor to fair).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight change across adulthood in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2019

BMJ

202

182

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ObjectiveTo investigate the association between weight changes across adulthood and mortality.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-94 and 1999-2014.Participants36 051 people aged 40 years or over with measured body weight and height at baseline and recalled weight at young adulthood (25 years old) and middle adulthood (10 years before baseline).Main outcome measuresAll cause and cause specific mortality from baseline until 31 December 2015.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 12.3 years, 10 500 deaths occurred. Compared with participants who remained at normal weight, those moving from the non-obese to obese category between young and middle adulthood had a 22% (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.33) and 49% (1.49, 1.21 to 1.83) higher risk of all cause mortality and heart disease mortality, respectively. Changing from obese to non-obese body mass index over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. An obese to non-obese weight change pattern from middle to late adulthood was associated with increased risk of all cause mortality (1.30, 1.16 to 1.45) and heart disease mortality (1.48, 1.14 to 1.92), whereas moving from the non-obese to obese category over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. Maintaining obesity across adulthood was consistently associated with increased risk of all cause mortality; the hazard ratio was 1.72 (1.52 to 1.95) from young to middle adulthood, 1.61 (1.41 to 1.84) from young to late adulthood, and 1.20 (1.09 to 1.32) from middle to late adulthood. Maximum overweight had a very modest or null association with mortality across adulthood. No significant associations were found between various weight change patterns and cancer mortality.ConclusionsStable obesity across adulthood, weight gain from young to middle adulthood, and weight loss from middle to late adulthood were associated with increased risks of mortality. The findings imply that maintaining normal weight across adulthood, especially preventing weight gain in early adulthood, is important for preventing premature deaths in later life.

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“…Brown et al found that the percentage of NHBs with optimal Life's Simple 7 scores (a measure that includes blood pressure, cholesterol, hemoglobin A 1c , body mass index, physical activity, diet, and smoking) was 22 and 8 percentage points less, relative to NHWs, ages 25-44 and ‡65, respectively. 2 There is evidence that self-employment is associated with improved cardiovascular health measures among the general population. For instance, Yoon et al found that self-employment was positively associated with physical exercise and normal weight when controlling for demographics, education, income, family structure, access to health care, occupation type, and census region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Employment and Health Among Blacks

Narain

Jeffers

2020

Health Equity

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There is some evidence that self-employment may improve measures of cardiovascular and general health among the general population; however, no studies have examined this relationship among Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs). Studying the health implications of self-employment among NHBs is important because of the disparities that persist in both cardiovascular health and self-employment rates between NHBs and other racial/ethnic subgroups. Methods: A pooled cross-sectional analysis of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2000 to 2014) was used to explore the association between self-employment and the following self-reported outcomes: ''no exercise,'' fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, days of alcohol consumption, fair or poor health, hypertension, poor mental health days, and poor physical health days among the total population of NHBs and across gender/income subgroups. Results: We find favorable associations between self-employment and several measures of cardiovascular health (increased fruit and vegetable consumption, reduced reports of ''no exercise,'' and reduced reports of hypertension) and positive associations between self-employment, poor mental health days, and days of alcohol consumption among the total population. The nature of these associations varies across gender/ income subgroup. Conclusions: Given the disparities between racial/ethnic subgroups with respect to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and the well-documented roles of exercise and blood pressure control in limiting cardiovascular disease, it is important to probe the relationship between self-employment and health among NHBs further.

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Trends in Racial/Ethnic and Nativity Disparities in Cardiovascular Health Among Adults Without Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 1988 to 2014

Abstract: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health.

Cited by 104 publications

References 55 publications

Improving Cardiovascular Health Among African-Americans Through Mobile Health: the FAITH! App Pilot Study

Improving Cardiovascular Health Among African-Americans Through Mobile Health: the FAITH! App Pilot Study

Weight change across adulthood in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study

Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Employment and Health Among Blacks

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