Trends in Prevalence of Hypertension and Hypertension Phenotypes Among Chinese Children and Adolescents Over Two Decades (1991–2015)

Ye, Xinxin; Qian, Yi; Zhang, Yan; Zha, Mingming; Yang, Qian; Xia, Wei; Zhi-hong, YE; Song, Peige

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.627741

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“… 24 , 25 , 26 As per a recent study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, approximately 22.1% of Chinese adolescents aged 13–17 years had HTN as per the CGC criterion. 10 However, we observed a higher prevalence of 24.4% when CGC criterion was used in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Meanwhile, BP levels and prevalence of HTN among children in China have increased significantly in recent decades. 9 , 10 According to the latest study, 22.1% of children and adolescents in China of age 13–17 years had HTN. 10 Therefore, timely identification and treatment of HTN are critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 , 10 According to the latest study, 22.1% of children and adolescents in China of age 13–17 years had HTN. 10 Therefore, timely identification and treatment of HTN are critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adolescents aged 15–17 years: A comparison of different criteria

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2022

J of Clinical Hypertension

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This study intended to compare the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents aged 15-17 years in China according to different criteria defined by various guidelines. We included 28 715 adolescents aged 15-17 years from the China Hypertension Survey study (CHS) 2012-2015, and the 2017 American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) Clinical Practice Guideline and 2018 Chinese guidelines for children and adults were used to define hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension among Chinese adolescents aged 15-17 years was 24.4% according to the 2018 Chinese guidelines for children; the corresponding values were 18.6% according to the 2017 AAP Guidelines, and 3.5% according to 2018 Chinese guidelines for adults. The age-specific prevalence of hypertension in the age of 15, 16, and 17 years in the same population was 26.2%, 24.4%, and 23.3% according to 2018 Chinese guidelines for children; 18.8%, 17.9%, and 19.2% as per the 2017 AAP Guidelines; 3.4%, 3.4%, and 3.6% as per the 2018 Chinese guidelines for adults. A highest prevalence of hypertension was observed according to 2018 Chinese guidelines for children than the other two guidelines. Compared with the 2018Chinese guidelines for children, a higher 95 th percentile BP (systolic and diastolic) was also observed in the present study in each gender-age-height-specific group. And the height, which was key factor to influence blood pressure, was similar between adolescents aged 15-17 and adults, and a paralleled result was seen in the present study.Therefore, the 2018 Chinese guidelines for adults may also be appropriate for adolescents aged 15-17 years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adolescents aged 15–17 years: A comparison of different criteria

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2022

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…The CHNS has conducted 10 waves (1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015) and is designed to provide representation of urban, suburban, and rural areas. It employs a multistage, random-cluster process to ensure good representation of the general Chinese population (13). It selects samples by province that vary in socioeconomic development and geography in each wave ( 14) and focuses on health during urbanization and economic development (15).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension Prevalence Rates Among Urban and Rural Older Adults of China, 1991–2015: A Standardization and Decomposition Analysis

Lin

2021

Front. Public Health

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Objectives: The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) among older adults is becoming an important issue in public health in China as it is now stepping into the super-aged society with high pressure of a chronic disease burden. With urban–rural differences in population composition and health facilities, this study aimed to assess the gaps in the prevalence trends of HTN among older adults by considering demographic factors such as age, gender, education level, and regional differences during 1991–2015 in China.Methods: We adopted the consistent sampling design and measure of HTN of the cross-longitudinal surveys of the China Health and Nutrition survey, and we compared the HTN prevalence rates between urban and rural older adults by taking each wave of the survey as a cross-sectional sample of the Chinese population by the following and supplementary samples. The classic standardization and decomposition analysis method was utilized with four factor-specific rates, and contributions were calculated, i.e., age, gender, education, and region, which reflects the aspect of demographic and social development differences between urban and rural areas of China.Results: The prevalence rates of HTN of the whole of older adults were increasing in 1991–2015. However, the gaps of prevalence rates of HTN between urban and rural areas show different trends accompanied by the health policies launched by the government. Namely, the gap was narrowed during 1993–1997 and then enlarged during 1997–2011 and narrowing again. Those trends reflect the policy effects with the health resource allocation and utilization of health services for urban and rural older adults.Conclusions: With the four factors of decomposition analysis, the differences reflect the results of health policy effects, considering the urban–rural discrepancy on older adults with different demographic characteristics. Hence, the differentiated policies should be considered with the urban–rural population, such as HTN prevention and the population health promotion.

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“…Hypertension has become a serious national disease in China [ 1 ], affecting more than 270 million adults [ 2 ], and more than 60% of them are middle-aged and older adults (≥45 years old) [ 3 ], which is a number that is on the rise [ 4 ]. This high prevalence is accompanied by high mortality, which accounts for more than half of the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases [ 1 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction between self-perceived disease control and self-management behaviours among Chinese middle-aged and older hypertensive patients: the role of subjective life expectancy

et al. 2022

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Background One of the effective ways to control hypertension is long-term self-management, which is difficult to maintain. Therefore, understanding how people engage in the process of self-management behaviour change is necessary. In this study, we aimed to examine the dynamic relationship between self-perceived disease control and self-management behaviours in Chinese middle-aged and older hypertensive patients, namely, medication use, self-monitoring, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol avoidance, and to explore the mediating role of subjective life expectancy (SLE) on this relationship. Methods Data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 508 middle-aged and older hypertensive patients (aged 45+) from the 2013, 2015, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A cross-lagged panel model combined with mediation analysis was used to determine the dynamic relationship between self-perceived disease control and self-management behaviours and to clarify the mediating effect of SLE on this ascertained relationship. Results Good self-perceived disease control subsequently predicted good medication use, self-monitoring and physical activity, and vice versa. Subjective life expectancy (SLE) partially mediated the prospective reciprocal relationships between self-perceived disease control and these self-management behaviours, which accounted for 37.11, 25.88, and 19.39% of the total effect of self-perceived disease control on medication use, self-monitoring and physical activity, respectively. These self-management behaviours had a significant and positive feedback effect on self-perceived disease control. However, neither the direct and indirect effects (via SLE) of self-perceived disease control on tobacco and alcohol avoidance were revealed. Conclusions Positive feedback loops of present self-perceived disease control, future SLE and self-management behaviours (medication use, self-monitoring, and physical activity) help middle-aged and older hypertensive patients adhere to these behaviours but are useless for the avoidance of addictive behaviours. Interventions aimed at enhancing the effect perception of general self-management behaviours (e.g., medication use, self-monitoring and physical activity) on the present disease control perspective, and future lifespan perspective would be beneficial for the consistent self-management behaviours of middle-aged and older hypertensive patients. The utility of present disease control perception to these self-management behaviours was much higher than the utility of future expectations. Alternative stress relief strategies may be conducive to long-term changes in addictive behaviours.

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Trends in Prevalence of Hypertension and Hypertension Phenotypes Among Chinese Children and Adolescents Over Two Decades (1991–2015)

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

The prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adolescents aged 15–17 years: A comparison of different criteria

The prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adolescents aged 15–17 years: A comparison of different criteria

Hypertension Prevalence Rates Among Urban and Rural Older Adults of China, 1991–2015: A Standardization and Decomposition Analysis

Interaction between self-perceived disease control and self-management behaviours among Chinese middle-aged and older hypertensive patients: the role of subjective life expectancy

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