Trends in Prevalence of Dyslipidaemias and the Risk of Mortality in Lithuanian Urban Population Aged 45–64 in Relation to the Presence of the Dyslipidaemias and the Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide reliable information on dyslipidaemias, to estimate the trend of the prevalence of dyslipidaemias and other selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at population level, and to evaluate the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in relation to presence of mixed dyslipidaemias and other CVD risk factors.MethodsData from the five surveys (1983–2008) are presented. A random sample of 9,209 subjects aged 45–64 was selected for statistical analysis. During follow-up there were 1653 death cases from any cause, 864 deaths from CVD. Estimates of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were based on the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality.ResultsDuring 25 year period the prevalence of normal total cholesterol level (<5.2 mmol/L) significantly increased only in women; triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not change in men and women. Findings in our longitudinal study showed that in men and women mixed dyslipidaemias (HDL cholesterol <1.03 mmol/L plus triglycerides ≥1.70 mmol/L) significantly increased the risk for all-cause and CVD mortality (respectively in men HR = 1.30; HR = 1.15, in women HR = 1.83; HR = 2.13). These mixed dyslipidaemia combinations combination with the other risk factors such as arterial hypertension, high fasting glucose level increased all-cause and CVD mortality risk in men and women; while, these mixed dyslipidaemias plus smoking increased all-cause and CVD mortality risk only in men compared to never smokers without these dyslipidaemias (respectively HR = 1.89; HR = 1.92); and these dyslipidaemias plus obesity increased all-cause and CVD mortality risk in women (respectively HR = 2.25; HR = 2.39) and CVD mortality risk in men (HR = 1.72), as compared to responders without obesity and these dyslipidaemias.ConclusionMixed dyslipidaemias (reduced HDL cholesterol plus elevated triglycerides) significantly increased the risk for all-cause and CVD mortality in this Lithuanian population aged 45–64 years.

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“…In contrast, mainly in developing countries, men are more often active smokers. 23,25,27 In the present study, 11.2% of the respondents were characterized by an increased risk of death due to CVD within the next 10 years (from 5-9%) and 36.6% had a significantly increased risk (>10%). Similar results were also obtained in Finland, where 27% of women and 63% of men were assigned to a group of high 10-year risk of death from cardiovascular disease (>5%).…”

“…22 In the present study, the percentage was much lower, and gender did not affect significantly the number of people with diabetes, as was confirmed by the results of other authors. 24,25 In Malaysia and Lebanon, women were significantly more likely to develop DM; 23,36 however, other studies showed that men often had a significantly higher values of GL. 21,37 On examination day, the IFG (≥100 mg%) were diagnosed in 18.0% of women and 20.9% of men.…”

“…21,22 Own study confirmed that HTN is slightly more frequently diagnosed in women than in men; 23 however, many authors indicated that HTN is more common in men. [24][25][26][27][28] In Bosnia and Herzegovina and Brazil, approx. 40% of men are treated for HTN, which is the same result as the one obtained in own study.…”

“…27,29 The research carried out in Lithuania showed, however, that over 70% of local men suffer from HTN. 25 The increased level of TC is one of the most important risk factors contributing to the development and death from CVD. 30,31 The study carried out in the USA showed, however, that hypercholesterolemia is a predictor for hypertension and diabetes.…”

“…22 In our study, increased levels of TC (>190 mg/dL) occurred on examination day more frequently in women (57.1%) than in men (42.9%), which confirmed the findings of other authors. 21,25 In Bahrain, Malaysia and Norway increased levels of TC were, on the other hand, more frequently observed in men. 23,28,32 Studies in many countries have shown that patients with increased glucose levels or diabetes more often suffer from CVD, stroke and obesity.…”