Trends in prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence against women in Zimbabwe, 2005-2015

Abstract

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread problem affecting all cultures and socioeconomic groups. This study explored the trends in prevalence and risk factors associated with IPV among Zimbabwean women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 2005-2015. Methods: Data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) on 13,409 women (survey year: 2005/2006; n=4,081), (survey year: 2010/2011; n=4,411) and (survey year: 2015; n=4,917) were analyzed. Multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical modelling techniques were applied to examine the associations between demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, media exposure and IPV against women. We further estimated IPV prevalence by type (physical, sexual and emotional) over time. Results: The prevalence of IPV decreased from 45.2% in 2005 to 40.9% in 2010, and then increased to 43.1% in 2015. Some of the risk factors associated with IPV were younger age, low economic status, cohabitation and rural residence. Educational attainment of women was however not significantly associated with IPV. Conclusions: The findings indicate that women of reproductive age are at high and increasing risk of physical and emotional violence. There is thus an urgent need for an integrated policy approach to address the rise of IPV related physical and emotional violence against women in Zimbabwe. Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV); Trends; Risk factors; Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); Zimbabwe

Associations of Power Relations, Wife-Beating Attitudes, and Controlling Behavior of Husband With Domestic Violence Against Women in India: Insights From the National Family Health Survey–4

“…Poverty is considered one of the risk factors of domestic violence (Jewkes, 2002). In line with prior studies (Babu & Kar, 2009; Martin et al, 1999; Mukamana et al, 2020), the present study also found that the likelihood of spousal violence against women was 46% lower in the richest wealth quintile than in the poorest quintile.…”

Intimate partner violence against reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in northern Ethiopia 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study

“…Housewives were 18.062 times more likely to suffer from violence than those who were employed, and women younger than thirty years old were 23.045 times most likely to face violence. This result was consistent with a study conducted in Zimbabwe [16]. Unlike these results, the levels of education of women's and their husband's were the most significant risk factors for violence in Iran [14].…”

“…In southwest Ethiopia, the life-time prevalence of IPV of physical or sexual or both was 64.7% [2], and in southern brazil 56% reported to have experienced the problem [3]. Similarly, in Iran, the prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional violence was 16.4, 18.6 and 44.4%, respectively [14], while IPV studies in Zimbabwe and Ethiopia showed 15, 30%, respectively [15,16]. In contrast to our study; these articles are studied over a longer period and this may have led to higher prevalence of IPV.…”

Understanding the Geography of Victimization: A Spatial Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence in India

“…Existing studies have shown that women's age (Mukamana et al, 2020), their education level (Erten & Keskin, 2018;Ghislandi et al, 2020), economic and financial empowerment status (Abramsky et al, 2019;Akilova & Marti, 2014;Khalid & Choudhry, 2021;Raj et al, 2018), socioeconomic status (Ackerson & Subramanian, 2008;Mukamana et al, 2020;Stöckl et al, 2021), exposure to mass media (Rahman et al, 2013), and place of residence (Garg et al, 2021;Mukamana et al, 2020) are important predictors of IPV. Women who violate hypergamy norms (Roychowdhury & Dhamija, 2021) or whose mothers have been victims of IPV are also more likely to face IPV (Garg et al, 2021;Khalid & Choudhry, 2021;Mondal & Paul, 2021).…”