Trends in Poverty and Inequality in Seven African Countries

Booysen, Frederik; Burger, Ronelle; Rand, Gideon du; Maltitz, Michael von; Berg, Servaas van der

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3173170

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Possible areas for future research and action are discussed and recommendations made to reduce the urban-rural inequalities in oral health care as a way of improving the oral and general health of the population. Booysen et al (2007) analyzed trends in poverty and inequality over a period of 10 to 15 y for 7 sub-Saharan African countries: Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. They found that poverty had declined in urban and rural areas in 5 of the 7 countries: namely, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentages were significantly higher in all cases for the urban locations. These perceptions are likely due to the higher levels of education and relatively easier access to information through the media in the urban areas compared to the rural locations (Booysen et al 2007). Despite poverty in rural areas, some individuals are still addicted to unprocessed tobacco and alcohol, which are major risk factors for oral cancer.…”

Section: Disparities In Preventive Oral Health Knowledge and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies showed significant differences in the prevalence of periodontal disease between urban and rural areas (Muwazi et al 2005;Owino et al 2010; Azodo and Amenaghawon 2013). Rural areas are often associated with lower education levels, which in turn have been found to be related to lower levels of health literacy and the poor use of health care services (Booysen et al 2007). Other important factors include the following:…”

Section: Accessibility and Utilization Of Modern Dental Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urban-Rural Distribution of Access to Assets in 7 African Countries.Source:Booysen et al (2007). Data pooled for Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Health Inequalities between Rural and Urban Populations of the African and Middle East Region

et al. 2015

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Although there have been major improvements in oral health, with remarkable advances in the prevention and management of oral diseases, globally, inequalities persist between urban and rural communities. These inequalities exist in the distribution of oral health services, accessibility, utilization, treatment outcomes, oral health knowledge and practices, health insurance coverage, oral health-related quality of life, and prevalence of oral diseases, among others. People living in rural areas are likely to be poorer, be less health literate, have more caries, have fewer teeth, have no health insurance coverage, and have less money to spend on dental care than persons living in urban areas. Rural areas are often associated with lower education levels, which in turn have been found to be related to lower levels of health literacy and poor use of health care services. These factors have an impact on oral health care, service delivery, and research. Hence, unmet dental care remains one of the most urgent health care needs in these communities. We highlight some of the conceptual issues relating to urban-rural inequalities in oral health, especially in the African and Middle East Region (AMER). Actions to reduce oral health inequalities and ameliorate rural-urban disparity are necessary both within the health sector and the wider policy environment. Recommended actions include population-specific oral health promotion programs, measures aimed at increasing access to oral health services in rural areas, integration of oral health into existing primary health care services, and support for research aimed at informing policy on the social determinants of health. Concerted efforts must be made by all stakeholders (governments, health care workforce, organizations, and communities) to reduce disparities and improve oral health outcomes in underserved populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disparities In Preventive Oral Health Knowledge and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accessibility and Utilization Of Modern Dental Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urban-Rural Distribution of Access to Assets in 7 African Countries.Source:Booysen et al (2007). Data pooled for Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oral Health Inequalities between Rural and Urban Populations of the African and Middle East Region

et al. 2015

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“…Secondly, in our multidimensional poverty measure approach, we employ multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) rather than principal components analysis (PCA) to construct the asset index. This methodology is more appropriate as MCA was designed for the analysis of categorical variables and, unlike PCA, which is appropriate for multivariate analysis of continuous variables, does not presume that indicator values are normally distributed [15][16][17]. Thirdly, our analysis that uses baseline data from within the Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge programme is not only confined to poverty alone, as do the majority of authors who have published in this field, but also analyzes their determinants.…”

Section: Theoretical Framework and Estimation Techniques 21 Definingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and Prevalence of Rural Poverty in West, East and Southern African Countries

Binam¹,

Oduol²,

Olarinde³

et al. 2011

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In this paper, we determine the extent to which the variation in poverty incidence can be explained by institutional/community factors, and how the results can be used to evaluate the potential impact on poverty levels of change in factors found to have a significant influence on poverty incidence in some selected countries of East, Southern and West Africa. At the country level, the set of important variables is diverse and includes access to infrastructure (institutional dummy variables), and village resources endowment (community-based variables). The findings derived from this paper suggest that more than Four-fifths of households in the study area need to be escaped from poverty. We also found that the poverty rate could be lowered by 17% to 89% in the involved countries through investment/actions leading to access to input and output markets, awareness and adoption of improved crop varieties and best-bet practices, better access to rural credit and capacity building of community-based organizations. This indicates that these variables can have powerful effects in terms of long-term poverty reduction strategies

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