Trends in Performance Characteristics of Modern Automobile SI and Diesel Engines

Heywood, John B.; Welling, Orian

doi:10.4271/2009-01-1892

Cited by 64 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As a consequence of the need to reduce the fuel consumption of passenger vehicles, the compression ratio and the specific power of internal combustion engines have been steadily increasing throughout the last 20 years [1,2]. Because of this, cylinder liner temperature near the combustion chamber, especially at top dead centre, has increased so the conditions have become more severe for wear and scuffing behaviour of piston ring cylinder liner contacts [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tribofilm Formation of ZDDP Under Reciprocating Pure Sliding Conditions

Shimizu

Spikes

2016

Tribol Lett

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The anti-wear and anti-seizure performance and action mechanisms of zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) have been investigated under reciprocating pure sliding conditions to simulate piston ring and cylinder liner assembly, using new techniques. The Mini Traction Machine-Space Layer Imaging is a useful method for monitoring tribofilm formation by ZDDPs. However, tests are generally carried out in mixed sliding-rolling conditions and ZDDP film formation in reciprocating pure sliding conditions is rarely investigated. In this paper, the authors describe an investigation of ZDDP film formation in stationary ball on reciprocating disc pure sliding conditions and compare the results to those obtained in unidirectional pure sliding conditions. In unidirectional pure sliding conditions, the worn area on the ball expands with test time. By contrast, in reciprocating pure sliding conditions, tribofilm forms on the stationary ball and no significant damage occurs. In the initial tribofilm formation under reciprocating pure sliding conditions, solid particulate tribofilm with a high concentration of S forms initially in the contact area and subsequently breaks up. During further rubbing, a Zn-and P-rich tribofilm forms on the comminuted sulphur-rich tribofilm and also the area where the initial tribofilm was removed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tribofilm Formation of ZDDP Under Reciprocating Pure Sliding Conditions

Shimizu

Spikes

2016

Tribol Lett

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This paper examines the impact of vehicle technology in the European market by using a uniquely comprehensive dataset of the 35,000 1 distinct vehicle models, comprising all types of vehicles made available for sale in the UK between 2001 and 2011. The size of this dataset stands in contrast to the number of vehicles used in other studies, such as 150 by Chon & Heywood (2000) and 1,500 by Heywood & Welling (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In particular, Chon & Heywood (2000) and Heywood & Welling (2009) introduced scaling relationships to quantify the effects of vehicle design changes on spark ignition (SI) naturally aspirated (NatA) engine performance (expressed in terms of brake mean effective pressure and specific power). A subsequent study by An & DiCicco (2007) related trade-offs between US passenger vehicle performance, size, and fuel economy into linearized indices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions, performance, and design of UK passenger vehicles

Martin

Bishop

Boies

2016

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Consumer, legal, and technological factors influence the design, performance, and emissions of light-duty vehicles (LDVs). This work examines how design choices made by manufacturers for the UK market result in emissions and performance of vehicles throughout the past decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). LDV fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions, and performance are compared across different combinations of air and fuel delivery system using vehicle performance metrics of power density and time to accelerate from rest to 100 km/h (62 mph, t z-62 ). Increased adoption of direct injection and turbocharging technologies helped reduce spark ignition (SI, gasoline vehicles) and compression ignition (CI, diesel vehicles) fuel consumption by 22% and 19%, respectively, over the decade. These improvements were largely achieved by increasing compression ratios in SI vehicles (3.6%), turbocharging CI vehicles, and engine downsizing by 5.7-6.5% across all technologies. Simultaneously, vehicle performance improved, through increased engine power density resulting in greater acceleration. Across the decade, t z-62 fell 9.4% and engine power density increased 17% for SI vehicles. For CI vehicles, t z-62 fell 18% while engine power density rose 28%. Greater fuel consumption reductions could have been achieved if vehicle acceleration was maintained at 2001 levels, applying drive train improvements to improved fuel economy and reduced CO 2 emissions. Fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions declined at faster rates once the European emissions standards were introduced with SI

show abstract

“…To meet current and projected stringent global greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations and the fuel economy standards, vehicle manufacturers have been developing energy-efficient gasoline direct-injection (GDI) technologies for spark ignition (SI) engines [1][2][3]. State-of-the-art GDI engines combined with boosting technology offer higher specific power, lower fuel consumption and faster response than conventional port fuel injection (PFI) engines [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A metal foam-type GPF (Alantum, Seongnam, Korea), located 50 cm downstream from the outlet of the UCC, was applied to the test vehicle to evaluate the nanoparticle filtration efficiency of the GPF [39]. Particle size distributions and PN concentrations from the GDI engine were directly measured at three positions with heated sampling valves and sampling line for minimizing the loss of particles: (1) in front of the TWC position; (2) after the TWC position; and (3) after the GPF position using a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS500, CAMBUSTION, Cambridge, UK). The DMS500 equipped with heated sample line and two stage dilution systems allowed direct sampling from the exhaust gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Filtration Characteristics of Advanced Metal Foam Media for a Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine in Steady Engine Operating Conditions and Vehicle Test Modes

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In this study, the particle formation and reduction characteristics at the engine-out position, after a three-way catalyst (TWC) and a metal foam gasoline particulate filter (GPF), were evaluated for a gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engine under part-load operating conditions. The vehicle tests were performed under the Federal Test Procedure-75 (FTP-75) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET) modes. Particle number (PN) concentrations, size distributions, and the filtering efficiency with the GPF were evaluated with a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS500). Under steady engine operating conditions, the PN concentrations at the engine-out position were 9.7 × 10 5 -2.5 × 10 6 N/cc. While, the PN concentrations after the GPF were 9.2 × 10 4 -3.5 × 10 5 N/cc, and the PN was reduced by 77%-96%. The PN filtering efficiency with the GPF-GDI vehicle reached approximately 58% in the FTP-75 and 62% in the HWFET mode. The PN concentration of the GPF-GDI vehicle was significantly reduced to 3.95 × 10 11 N/km for the FTP-75 and 8.86 × 10 10 N/km for the HWFET mode.The amount of nucleation mode particles below 23 nm was substantially reduced with the GPF-GDI vehicle. The fuel economy, CO2, and regulated emissions of the GPF-GDI vehicle were equivalent to those of the base GDI vehicle under the vehicle certification modes. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1866

show abstract

Trends in Performance Characteristics of Modern Automobile SI and Diesel Engines

Cited by 64 publications

References 1 publication

The Tribofilm Formation of ZDDP Under Reciprocating Pure Sliding Conditions

The Tribofilm Formation of ZDDP Under Reciprocating Pure Sliding Conditions

Emissions, performance, and design of UK passenger vehicles

Nanoparticle Filtration Characteristics of Advanced Metal Foam Media for a Spark Ignition Direct Injection Engine in Steady Engine Operating Conditions and Vehicle Test Modes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About