Trends in overweight and obesity by socioeconomic status in Year 6 school children, Australian Capital Territory, 2006–2018

Yang, Zuguang; Phung, Hai; Hughes, Ann‐Maree; Sherwood, Sommer; Harper, Emily; Kelly, Paul

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7645-9

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The differences in the age at which these inequalities emerged might support the evidence that early life factors such as breast feeding, smoking during pregnancy, dietary and physical activity behaviours, which affect BMI, have different socioeconomic patterns in different countries [41][42] . Our study results indicated that Norwegian children showed the same pattern of socioeconomic inequalities in OW/OB trajectories as other high-income countries showing a higher proportion of childhood OW/OB among the lower socioeconomic groups 43,44 , which is in accordance with the reversal hypothesis 45 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway

Mekonnen

Papadopoulou

Arah

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Studies exploring when social inequalities in body mass index (BMI) and its composites emerge and how these evolve with age are limited. Thus, this study explored parental income and education related inequalities in children’s weight, height, weight velocity and body mass index among Norwegian children from 1 month to 8 years. The study population included 59,927 family/children pairs participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Growth was modelled using the Jenss–Bayley model and linear mixed effects analyses were conducted. Maternal and paternal educational differences in children’s weight and BMI trajectories emerged during infancy, continuing to age 8 years. Parental income-related inequalities in children’s weight were observed from the age of 1 month to 4 years for maternal and up to 1 year for paternal income-related differences but then disappeared. Parental income-related inequalities in child’s BMI were observed from 18 months to 8 years for maternal income, and from 9 months to 8 years for paternal income-related differences. These results suggest that social inequalities in children’s BMI present early in infancy and continue to 8 years of age. The inequalities sometimes differed by indicator of socioeconomic position used. Interventions to combat these inequalities early in life are, thus needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway

Mekonnen

Papadopoulou

Arah

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, some literature has suggested that the patterning of childhood obesity according to certain risk factors, such as ethnicity or socioeconomic status, may differ for males and females. 32 33 In this case, it would be important to both report overall prevalence of obesity and also analyse the sociodemographic patterning of obesity separately for boys and girls. Of the studies that have investigated differences, most focus on biological sex (male vs female) only.…”

Section: Applying Sex-based and Gender-based Analysis To Childhood Obmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender differences in childhood obesity: contributing to the research agenda

Shah

Cost²,

Fuller³

et al. 2020

BMJNPH

121

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Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge and its prevalence continues to increase in many, but not all, countries worldwide. International data indicate that the prevalence of obesity is greater among boys than girls 5–19 years of age in the majority of high and upper middle-income countries worldwide. Despite this observed sex difference, relatively few studies have investigated sex-based and gender-based differences in childhood obesity. We propose several hypotheses that may shape the research agenda on childhood obesity. Differences in obesity prevalence may be driven by gender-related influences, such as societal ideals about body weight and parental feeding practices, as well as sex-related influences, such as body composition and hormones. There is an urgent need to understand the observed sex differences in the prevalence of childhood obesity; incorporation of sex-based and gender-based analysis in all childhood obesity studies may ultimately contribute to improved prevention and treatment.

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“…It should be emphasized that the association between overweight and breakfast skipping could not be explained by the most common predictors of overweight, SES, and parental overweight [11,52,53]. Therefore, interventions targeting breakfast behavior provide a suitable starting point for weight gain interventions even more because breakfast can be integrated into the school day-and is therefore independent of the child s social background.…”

Section: Association Of Breakfast and Lunch Behavior With Overweightmentioning

confidence: 99%

And yet Again: Having Breakfast Is Positively Associated with Lower BMI and Healthier General Eating Behavior in Schoolchildren

et al. 2021

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Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions. Therefore, we investigated associations between school-related meal patterns and weight status in 1215 schoolchildren. Anthropometry was performed on-site in schools. Children reported their meal habits, and parents provided family-related information via questionnaires. Associations between nutritional behavior and weight status were estimated using hierarchical linear and logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, socio–economic status, school type, migration background, and parental weight status. Having breakfast was associated with a lower BMI-SDS (βadj = −0.51, p = 0.004) and a lower risk of being overweight (ORadj = 0.30, p = 0.009), while having two breakfasts resulting in stronger associations (BMI-SDS: βadj = −0.66, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: ORadj = 0.22, p = 0.001). Likewise, children who regularly skipped breakfast on school days showed stronger associations (BMI-SDS: β = 0.49, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 3.29, p < 0.001) than children who skipped breakfast only occasionally (BMI-SDS: β = 0.43, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 2.72, p = 0.032). The associations persisted after controlling for parental SES and weight status. Therefore, our data confirm the school setting as a suitable starting point for community-based interventions and may underline the necessity of national programs providing free breakfast and lunch to children.

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Trends in overweight and obesity by socioeconomic status in Year 6 school children, Australian Capital Territory, 2006–2018

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway

Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway

Sex and gender differences in childhood obesity: contributing to the research agenda

And yet Again: Having Breakfast Is Positively Associated with Lower BMI and Healthier General Eating Behavior in Schoolchildren

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