Trends in Land–Atmosphere Interactions from CMIP5 Simulations

Dirmeyer, Paul A.; Yan, Jin; Singh, Bohar; Yan, Xiaolei

doi:10.1175/jhm-d-12-0107.1

Cited by 166 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The ocean warming pattern also changes atmospheric circulation over the Sahel and Amazon, although the robustness of these changes remains to be tested. In addition to such non-local atmospheric changes, improved understanding of land surface processes is key to more credible projections of human impacts 58,88 . For example, soil moisture and near-surface relative humidity are projected to decrease globally 89 , likely exacerbating drought when it does occur, and potentially increasing heat wave frequency and intensity.…”

Section: Recommendations For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards predictive understanding of regional climate change

et al. 2015

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Regional information on climate change is urgently needed but often deemed unreliable. To achieve credible regional climate projections, it is essential to understand underlying physical processes, reduce model biases and evaluate their impact on projections, and adequately account for internal variability. In the tropics, where atmospheric internal variability is small compared to the forced change, advancing our understanding of the long-term coupling between changes in upper ocean temperature and the atmospheric circulation will help most to narrow uncertainty. In the extratropics, relatively large internal variability introduces substantial uncertainty, while exacerbating risks associated with extreme events. Large ensemble simulations are essential to estimate the probabilistic distribution of climate change on regional scales. We conclude that the current priority is to understand and reduce uncertainties on scales > 100 km to facilitate assessments at finer scales.(5557 words in text, 134 words for preface)

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Section: Recommendations For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards predictive understanding of regional climate change

et al. 2015

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“…It is broadly recognized that the landscape and land cover changes significantly impact the overlying atmosphere, surface fluxes and hence land surface processes. The degree of the impact due to land-use/ land cover change is a complex process and further studies like Dirmeyer et al [23], Ferranti et al [24] needs to be undertaken. Also a limitation of present experiments in this study is coarse (90 km) resolution of the model run.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Impact of Desertification and Deforestation on Indian Monsoon Rainfall and Surface Fluxes: RegCM4.0 Simulations

Lodh¹

2017

J Ecosyst Ecogr

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Impact of extensive desertification in northwest India, Himalayan glaciers depletion and tropical deforestation over Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, on Indian monsoon circulations, precipitation, surface fluxes is being studied. In this research paper, by changing vegetation types in the bats coupled -regCM4.0, the model impact of desertification and deforestation on Indian monsoons is investigated. By performing these sensitivity experiments (extended desertification, and tropical deforestation) it is found that over India, monsoon precipitation is significantly decreased at local and large scales. Decreased surface roughness length and increase in albedo because of desertification/deforestation in the model results in origination of anomalous westerly winds and subsidence, decreasing turbulent flow, decreasing rainfall over land and strengthening over the seas and consequently increases the temperature over land. Further, the hydrological and atmospheric water cycle gets weak because precipitation decreases. Thus any form of deforestation and desertification happening over tropical regions has a severe impact on Indian summer monsoon atmospheric circulations and precipitation. Lodh [9,10], studies impact of impact of afforestation and irrigation intensification on Indian monsoon precipitation and circulations, respectively. In this present research work attempts are made to study increase in desertification and deforestation in the RegCM4.0 model by proxy land use and land cover change induced sensitivity experiments, and to arrive at conclusions in addition to previous studies. Thus, identification of possible changes on regional precipitation and circulation patterns in the Indian monsoon regime through the sensitivity experiments is planned, using a regional climate model. Also, the mechanisms of interaction between land surface and vegetation (via desertification and deforestation) are to be understood. In this paper, the methodology, brief about the sensitivity experiments and their period of study is described in Section 2. "Result and Discussions" of the sensitivity experiment about effect of extensive desertification and deforestation is described in Section 3, and the "Summary and Conclusions" are described in Section 4. MethodologyThe model used in the present study is again ICTP regional climate model (RCM) installed over the Cordex South Asia domain (12°E to 138°E and 33°S to 55°N) at 90 km horizontal resolution [8,11]. The details of the parameterization schemes and domain of the regional climate model are described in the Lodh [10]. Brief about the desertification and deforestation sensitivity experiments and their period of studyThe desertification and deforestation sensitivity experiments are performed to study the critical impact of anthropogenic human activities by conducting landuse and land cover changes in the model, on Indian summer monsoon precipitation and circulation pattern (Figure 1). They are: (a) In the first (DEFOR EXP 1) sensitivity experiment the model landuse p...

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“…The former is often invoked as the explanation (e.g. [39]) but individual forcing experiments using Earth system models suggest the latter effect dominates in many regions [12].…”

Section: What Are Appropriate Drought Metrics For the Future?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants and Drought in a Changing Climate

Swann¹

2018

Preprint

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Purpose of review Climate is changing in response to rising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 and it is commonly asserted that this will cause droughts to become more frequent and severe. However, different metrics of drought give diverging estimates of future impacts. I present a summary of the significant yet underappreciated influence that plant stomatal and growth responses to CO 2 have on drought, and highlight new insights into the impacts of drought on plants in a warmer world. Recent findings Plants influence the water availability on land, and thus reduce the duration and intensity of droughts under higher CO 2 conditions. Plants are concurrently more vulnerable to mortality when droughts occur under hotter conditions. Summary The frequency and severity of drought in the future depends on the response of plants to a changing climate-ignoring plant responses leads to over-prediction of drought. Nonetheless, the impact of current frequencies of drought on plants could lead to higher mortality rates in the future as plants must withstand drought stress simultaneously with hotter temperatures.

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Trends in Land–Atmosphere Interactions from CMIP5 Simulations

Cited by 166 publications

References 23 publications

Towards predictive understanding of regional climate change

Towards predictive understanding of regional climate change

Simulated Impact of Desertification and Deforestation on Indian Monsoon Rainfall and Surface Fluxes: RegCM4.0 Simulations

Plants and Drought in a Changing Climate

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