Trends in incidence and survival of esophageal cancer in Korea: Analysis of the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database

Shin, Aesun; Won, Young Joo; Jung, Hye Kyung; Kong, Hyun Joo; Jung, Kyu Won; Oh, Chang‐Mo; Choe, Sunho; Lee, Ji‐Hyun

doi:10.1111/jgh.14289

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Third, all included patients were men who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Although the majority of esophageal cancer patients in Korea are men with squamous cell carcinoma [56], further studies that include women and various histologic types of esophageal cancer are needed. Finally, because there is no definite consensus on the cut-off value of SMI for defining sarcopenia, this study adopted the value proposed by a previous population-based study [27], which was used in several recent studies on cancer patients [57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenia and Skeletal Muscle Loss During Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer

Yoon

Ahn

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Backgrounds: The relationship between sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength, and survival outcomes of esophageal cancer is controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of sarcopenia and skeletal muscle loss on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of esophageal cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively collected the medical records of 248 male patients diagnosed with squamous cell esophageal cancer and who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by surgery. We measured the cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle at the L3 vertebra level using computed tomography images and calculated the skeletal muscle index (SMI). Sarcopenia was defined as SMI <52.4 cm2/m2, and excessive muscle loss was defined as SMI change <−10.0%/50 days during NACRT. Moreover, laboratory test results, such as albumin, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) before and after NACRT, were collected. Results: In the univariable Cox analysis, pre- (p = 0.689) and post-radiotherapy (RT) sarcopenia (p = 0.669) were not associated with OS. However, excessive muscle loss had a significant association with OS in both the univariable and multivariable analyses (all p = 0.001). Excessive muscle loss was also related to RFS in both the univariable (p = 0.011) and multivariable (p = 0.022) Cox analysis. Patients with excessive muscle loss had significantly lower levels of post-RT albumin (p < 0.001) and PNI (p < 0.001), higher levels of post-RT NLR (p = 0.031) and PLR (p = 0.071), larger decrease in albumin (p < 0.001) and PNI (p < 0.001) after NACRT, and larger increase in NLR (p = 0.051) and PLR (p = 0.088) after NACRT than in those with non-excessive muscle loss. Conclusion: Excessive muscle loss rather than pre- and post-RT sarcopenia was a significant prognostic factor for OS and RFS, and it was also related to nutritional and inflammatory markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenia and Skeletal Muscle Loss During Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer

Yoon

Ahn

et al. 2020

Cancers

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“…Squamous cell carcinomas are more commonly distributed in upper and middle thirds of esophagus; while adenocarcinomas are more common in distal esophagus and associated with gastroesophageal reflux disorder and Barrett's esophagus [26,27]. Shin et al [28] reported that, in Korea, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type (90.2%) of all esophageal cancer in 2013, followed by adenocarcinoma (3.1%). In our study, two patients had esophageal cancer with severe dilatation in upper esophagus as seen on chest X-ray imaging, histologically confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Patients With Esophageal Dysphagia Assessed by Chest X-Ray Imaging After Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study

et al. 2020

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Objective To evaluate the prevalence rate, types, characteristics, and associated factors of esophageal dysphagia detected on chest X-ray images after videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS).Methods The medical records of 535 adults were reviewed retrospectively. Chest X-ray images taken after barium swallow study were analyzed and presence of any residual barium in the esophagus was considered as esophageal dysphagia. Esophageal dysphagia was classified based on the largest width of barium deposit (mild, <2 cm; severe ≥2 cm) and the anatomic level at which it was located (upper and lower esophagus).Results Esophageal residual barium on chest X-ray images was identified in 40 patients (7.5%, 40/535). Esophageal dysphagia was more frequent in individuals aged 65–79 years (odds ratio=4.78, p<0.05) than in those aged <65 years. Mild esophageal dysphagia was more frequent (n=32) than its severe form (n=8). Lower esophageal dysphagia was more frequent (n=31) than upper esophageal dysphagia (n=9). Esophageal residual barium in patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer or lung cancer was significantly associated with severe esophageal dysphagia (p<0.05) and at the upper esophagus level (p<0.01).Conclusion Esophageal residual barium was observed on chest X-ray imaging after VFSS. Esophageal barium in the upper esophagus with a diameter of ≥2 cm is an important indicator of malignancy, and chest X-ray image taken after VFSS is an important step to evaluate the presence of esophageal disorder.

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“…The incidence rate of esophageal cancer ranked fifth in China and third in rural areas globally, after lung cancer and gastric cancer, 7 indicating the heavy burden of this cancer. 1 The mortality rate of cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancer, is on the decline in countries where living standards have continuously improved, such as United States, [8][9][10] Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, [11][12][13][14] Korea, 15 and China. 16 The results of the third retrospective survey on the causes of death in China showed that the mortality rate of esophageal cancer decreased by 33.6% from the first survey and by 41.6% from the second survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Inner Mongolia, 2010–2015

Dong

Qiao

et al. 2020

Thoracic Cancer

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Background Esophageal cancer is among the leading cancer types in Inner Mongolia. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in 2015 and the trends in these rates in the 2010–2015 period in this region. Methods National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable (NCCR) screening methods and criteria were used to extract data from 10 cancer registries stratified by area (urban/rural), sex, and age group. The Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi's world population were used to calculate age‐standardized rates. The annual percentage change (APC) in these rates was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Results In 2015, Inner Mongolia had 4324 new cases (4027 male vs. 297 female patients) and 3559 deaths (3300 male vs. 259 female patients) from esophageal cancer. The crude incidence, age‐standardized incidence by Chinese population, age‐standardized incidence by world population, and cumulative incidence were 13.45/100 000, 9.92/100 000, 10.18/100 000, and 1.30%, respectively. The corresponding figures for mortality were 11.32/100 000, 8.35/100 000, 8.53/100 000, and 1.04%. The incidence and mortality increased with age between 40 and 80 years. The rates in rural dwellers, especially men, showed negative APC (−13.25% vs. −11.08%; P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Inner Mongolia increased between 2010 and 2015. The rates were higher in men in rural areas, middle‐aged and elderly individuals. Prevention and control programs focused on these groups, in addition to early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, are needed to reduce these rates. Key points Significant findings of the study: In Inner Mongolia, incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer were higher in urban areas than in rural areas and in men than in women between 2010 and 2015, and in middle‐aged and elderly than in younger people. What this study adds: Prevention and control programs, in addition to early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, should be tailored to specifically target men in rural areas and middle‐aged and elderly individuals in order to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of this pathology.

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Trends in incidence and survival of esophageal cancer in Korea: Analysis of the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenia and Skeletal Muscle Loss During Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer

Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenia and Skeletal Muscle Loss During Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer

Characteristics of Patients With Esophageal Dysphagia Assessed by Chest X-Ray Imaging After Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study

Trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Inner Mongolia, 2010–2015

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