Trends in human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in blood donors in northern Pakistan

Ghani, Eijaz; Rathore, Muhammad Ali; Khan, Saleem Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.010

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…12 Another study published in 2014 found 16 HIV reactive cases (0.0057%) between 1998 and 2006, and 50 reactive cases (0.014%) between 2007 and 2013, showing an upward trend. 39 The causes of HIV contraction in this study were heterosexual high-risk sexual behavior (65%), intravenous drug use (39%) and blood transfusions (12%). The author reported "men who have sex with men -MSM" in only 1.5% of cases.…”

Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The Frequency of HIV cases ranged between 0% and 0.18% in individual studies, with cumulative frequency equal to 0.038% (n=497) based on 18 studies. [11][12][13]15,[18][19][20][21][22][24][25][26]28,29,31,32,35,39 Two studies had 0% of HIV-reactive cases. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Another two studies had HIV frequency of 0.02% (N=26) and 0.07% (n= 20) of the screened population, all positive cases were men.…”

Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors and Associated Safety Challenges in Pakistan

Ehsan

Wahab²,

Shafqat

et al. 2020

Blood

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Introduction: The blood transfusion (BT) system in Pakistan is fragmented, demand-driven, and depends on weakly regulated transfusion practices. This is primarily a big problem in smaller cities and remote rural areas. Pakistan has one of the highest hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence worldwide, estimated around 5 & 10 million cases, respectively. There is a considerable risk that transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) may have contributed to the current epidemic of HBV & HCV, affecting 7.4 % of the general population, and potential risk of HIV transmission in the country. In this systematic review, we aim to identify the prevalence of TTIs among the blood donor population and associated safety challenges. Method & Material: We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies related to TTIs and transfusion safety in Pakistan from January 1, 2010, to January 31, 2020. A search was conducted using PubMed and PakMedinet.com (largest medical database of Pakistan); initial search retrieved 981 articles, 166 met the inclusion criteria, and after review by two independent reviewers, 33 articles met the final criteria for qualitative synthesis. Results: Analysis of 33 studies showed the seroprevalence of HBV of 2.04 % (0.81% to 4.22%), HCV of 2.44% (1.29 % to 10%), HIV of 0.038% (0% to 0.18%), syphilis of 1.1% (0.11-3.01%) and malaria of 0.11% (0.05-1.20). The rate of coinfections among blood donors varied from 0.0099% to 0.35 %. The highest number of coinfections were HCV & syphilis, followed by HCV & HBV infections. The rate of TTIs was dependent on the number of donors, donor types (replacement vs. voluntary), screening techniques used, number, and type of TTIs tested. There was a lack of universal screening for common TTIs. Syphilis and malaria were tested only 38 % & 46 % of all the blood donations. The studies with a high number of replacement donors (RDs) noted a high prevalence of TTIs of 2.5 % to 12 % compared to the studies with a high number of voluntary non-remunerated donations (VNRDs) reported TTIs rates of 1.57% to 6.2 %. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HBV & HCV in VNRDs (0.48%) compared to RDs (4.15%). The rate of VNRDs was 0.10 % to 13%. The majority of blood donations were from male donors, representing more than 70 % of all donations. The female donations varied from 0.03% to 15 % in government/public blood banks than 29 % in private sector blood banks. The HBV & HCV infections and anemia were the most common causes of blood donation deferral. The 69.5 % of donors who tested positive for TTIs in a study reported previous blood donations. The educational status of donors noted to have an association with knowledge about the risk of TTIs. Odds of having limited knowledge about TTIs (OR: 4.04, CI: 1.567-10.435, p<0.01) were greater if donors had a secondary level of education compared to those with tertiary education. 48 % of blood donors did not know about the risk of TTIs through blood transfusion. There was notification of only about 54.25 % of all donors, who tested positive for any TTIs. This was mainly due to a lack of standardized reporting and follow up systems. Conclusion: This systemic review shows a high prevalence of TTIs, especially HBV, HCV & syphilis in the blood donor population. There is a high dependency on RDs, with minimal use of healthy voluntary blood donation practices, inadequate screening of high-risk donors, repeated collections of the blood from RDs, poor quality of screening methods, and limited knowledge of donors about their health. There is a lack of widespread standardized testing and follow up of patients who tested positive on initial testing. Large prospective multicenter clinical trials are required for a better understanding of the TTIs by testing and creating a follow-up system for both blood donors and recipients. Disclosures Anwer: Incyte, Seattle Genetics, Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Celegene, Millennium Pharmaceuticals.:Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

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Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors and Associated Safety Challenges in Pakistan

Ehsan

Wahab²,

Shafqat

et al. 2020

Blood

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“…Although there is a very low percentage of HIV in blood donors as reported by Aisha et al but cases of HIV had been reported due to blood transfusion 21,22. A slow and continuous increases in the HIV-Positive cases among blood donors was reported from a study conducted in northern Pakistan 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

et al. 2019

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Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…Therefore, infectious agents' prevalence in this community of patients may provide valuable information about the blood safety index [14]. Over the years, Pakistan's blood transfusion situation has remained far from reasonable [15][16][17]. Blood transfusion services in Pakistan are largely hospital-based, and most blood donors pay and direct the donors.…”

Section: Blood Donation and Blood Safety In The Middle East Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Most Common Causes of Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases among Blood Donors in the Middle Eastern States

Hakami

2021

JPRI

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The need for blood is essential, but there is no timely access to safe blood for millions of individuals who need a transfusion. Additionally, blood transfusions can also be the fastest and simplest form of checking for the existence of transfusion-transmitted diseases to the recipients. Blood safety concerns are an issue of great concern in Middle Eastern Countries in which the inaccessibility or provision of unsafe blood has an adverse effect on morbidity and mortality in the region. Additionally, many organizations and safety procedures of blood transfusion in this region need to be updated. Articles containing the key phrases Middle Eastern Countries, Blood, blood donor, blood transfusion, transfusion safety, transfusion-transmitted infections, and transfusion guidelines published from 2003 to 2020 in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Therefore, to determine the most prevalent causes of transfusion-transmitted disease among blood donors in the Middle East countries, this literature review was intended for research. Based on the data gathered were potentially related to HBsAg and HCV prevalence in blood donors from most of the middle eastern countries. While no positive cases of either HIV Ag-Ab or syphilis antibodies have been recorded especially among the blood donated from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Based on recent studies findings, WHO, and the Food and Drug administration transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to recipients did not occur via blood transfusion. So that, In Middle Eastern countries, transfusion-transmitted infection remains a formidable problem. A similarly wide constellation of economic and operational challenges in the area parallels the diverse array of pathogens; this calls for a systemic solution that, as proposed by the WHO, involves regulatory, structural, and training initiatives.

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Trends in human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in blood donors in northern Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

A Systematic Review of Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors and Associated Safety Challenges in Pakistan

A Systematic Review of Transfusion Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors and Associated Safety Challenges in Pakistan

Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

The Most Common Causes of Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases among Blood Donors in the Middle Eastern States

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