Trends in HIV Prevalence and HIV Testing Among Young MSM: Five United States Cities, 1994–2011

Oster, Alexandra M.; Johnson, Christopher H.; Le, Binh; Balaji, Alexandra B.; Finlayson, Teresa; Lansky, Amy; Mermin, Jonathan; Valleroy, Linda A.; MacKellar, Duncan; Behel, Stephanie; Paz–Bailey, Gabriela

doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0566-1

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Findings from other studies with regard to this association have been mixed. 29–32 Lower frequency of testing among young MSM reported in some studies may reflect a generally lower level of healthcare utilization, less testing offered by providers, lower perceived risk of HIV infection, and, for some, lack of medical insurance. 30 We also observed no relationship between education and rates of HIV testing among MSM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk Factors Associated With Repeated HIV Testing Among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men

Johnson

McKenney

Ricca

et al. 2016

AIDS Education and Prevention

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Background Men who have sex (MSM) with men represent a disproportionately impacted risk group for HIV incidence among at-risk U.S. populations. Few studies have identified risk factors associated with HIV testing frequency both within and outside of traditional healthcare setting. Methods MSM enrolled in a prospective cohort, were mailed at-home specimen collection kit and followed for a year. Incidence density rate ratios (IDRR) of testing were calculated and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between HIV testing and behavioral factors. Results The incidence rate of testing was higher among black MSM, compared to white MSM (IDRR: 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–1.5) and among MSM who reported 3+ condomless anal intercourse partners (CAI), compared to MSM who reported no CAI (IDRR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3–2.0). Conclusion Increasing availability of HIV testing outside traditional healthcare settings, including at-home testing kits, in conjunction with targeted behavioral interventions and biomedical treatment preventions is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk Factors Associated With Repeated HIV Testing Among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men

Johnson

McKenney

Ricca

et al. 2016

AIDS Education and Prevention

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“…In the New York NHBS, 26 other race MSM (included groups not defined) were less likely to be HIV positive but in the pooled analysis of the NHBS and Young Mens' Study found that other race MSM (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, other race, and multiple races) were more likely to be HIV positive. 28 A pooled analysis of the HIV Network for Prevention Trials Vaccine Preparedness Study, EXPLORE behavioral efficacy trial, and VAX004 vaccine efficacy trial 29 found no increased risk for HIV among other race individuals (included groups not defined). Who is included in mixed and racial categories varies across studies, is often not precisely; such categories are quite heterogeneous which, coupled with small sample sizes, makes interpretation impossible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of HIV Infection in Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other YMSM

Halkitis

Kapadia

Ompad

2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Content HIV infections continue to rise in a new generation of young, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) despite three decades of HIV prevention and recent biomedical technologies to deter infection. Objectives To examine the incidence of HIV and the demographics, behavioral, and structural factors associated with incident infections. Design Cohort study. Participants 600 YMSM who were ages 18-19 at baseline. Results At baseline 6 prevalent cases of HIV were detected. Over the course of 36 months and six additional waves of data collection, we identified 43 (7.2%) incident cases of HIV. Incident infections were marginally higher among those residing in neighborhoods with higher rates of HIV prevalence. Using Cox proportional hazards models we detected that hazard ratios for time to HIV seroconversion were significantly higher for Black YMSM (HR = 7.46) and Mixed/Other race YMSM (HR = 7.99), and older age at sexual debut with another man was associated with a lower risk of HIV seroconversion (HR = 0.50), while low perceived familial SES was marginally associated with an increased risk for HIV seroconversion (HR = 2.45). Conclusions These findings support the disparities for HIV that exist within the population of sexual minority men and suggest that we attend to behavioral, structural and social conditions to effectively tailor HIV prevention for a new generation of YMSM with a keen eyes to the conditions faced by racial and ethnic minority YMSM which heightened their risk for acquiring HIV.

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“…Studies show that nearly all MSM in the United States have tested for HIV in their lifetime, and approximately two-thirds have done so in the past year [5]. A study of young MSM residing in 5 US cities (Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, and San Francisco) found that 62% of participants had been tested in 2011, with increases in rates of HIV testing since the mid-1990s [6]. However, consistent and repeated testing for HIV (ie, testing for HIV at regular intervals) is needed to reduce the onward transmission of HIV associated with not knowing one’s status and, if HIV-positive, to reap the benefits of prompt antiretroviral therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formative Work to Develop a Tailored HIV Testing Smartphone App for Diverse, At-Risk, HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Focus Group Study

Mitchell

Torres

Joe

et al. 2016

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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BackgroundAlthough gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, few test for HIV at regular intervals. Smartphone apps may be an ideal tool to increase regular testing among MSM. However, the success of apps to encourage regular testing among MSM will depend on how frequently the apps are downloaded, whether they continue to be used over months or years, and the degree to which such apps are tailored to the needs of this population.ObjectiveThe primary objectives of this study were to answer the following questions. (1) What features and functions of smartphone apps do MSM believe are associated with downloading apps to their mobile phones? (2) What features and functions of smartphone apps are most likely to influence MSM’s sustained use of apps over time? (3) What features and functions do MSM prefer in an HIV testing smartphone app?MethodsWe conducted focus groups (n=7, with a total of 34 participants) with a racially and ethnically diverse group of sexually active HIV-negative MSM (mean age 32 years; 11/34 men, 33%, tested for HIV ≥10 months ago) in the United States in Miami, Florida and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Focus groups were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and deidentified for analysis. We used a constant comparison method (ie, grounded theory coding) to examine and reexamine the themes that emerged from the focus groups.ResultsMen reported cost, security, and efficiency as their primary reasons influencing whether they download an app. Usefulness and perceived necessity, as well as peer and posted reviews, affected whether they downloaded and used the app over time. Factors that influenced whether they keep and continue to use an app over time included reliability, ease of use, and frequency of updates. Poor performance and functionality and lack of use were the primary reasons why men would delete an app from their phone. Participants also shared their preferences for an app to encourage regular HIV testing by providing feedback on test reminders, tailored testing interval recommendations, HIV test locator, and monitoring of personal sexual behaviors.ConclusionsMobile apps for HIV prevention have proliferated, despite relatively little formative research to understand best practices for their development and implementation. The findings of this study suggest key design characteristics that should be used to guide development of an HIV testing app to promote regular HIV testing for MSM. The features and functions identified in this and prior research, as well as existing theories of behavior change, should be used to guide mobile app development in this critical area.

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Trends in HIV Prevalence and HIV Testing Among Young MSM: Five United States Cities, 1994–2011

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Risk Factors Associated With Repeated HIV Testing Among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men

Risk Factors Associated With Repeated HIV Testing Among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men

Incidence of HIV Infection in Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other YMSM

Formative Work to Develop a Tailored HIV Testing Smartphone App for Diverse, At-Risk, HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Focus Group Study

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