Trends in Health and Mortality Inequalities in the United States

Hudomiet, Péter; Hurd, Michael D.; Rohwedder, Susann

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3507536

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…For singles, there was a decrease of 5.0 percentage points, and for couples there was a decrease of 4.5 percentage points. This is consistent with other indicators, such as indicators for health, that have shown a worsening of conditions for successive cohorts of older Americans (Hudomiet, Hurd, and Rohwedder 2019).…”

Section: Economic Preparation For Retirementsupporting

confidence: 90%

How Reliant are Older Americans on State and Local Government Pensions?

2019

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State and local government pension plans cover about 19.5 million participants, and many participants are heavily reliant on these pensions for retirement income. Most of these plans, however, are underfunded. Based on data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examined the lifetime work histories of those observed at ages 67 to 72 in 2004, 2008, or 2014. Seventyseven percent of single persons and 61 percent of couple households had never worked for state or local (S&L) government. Among those single and couple households who did work for S&L government, we found that they have on average more years of education and more economic resources. Among currently retired and near-retirement households, we compared economic preparation for retirement according to their lifetime employment in the S&L sector, and we examined how economic preparation would be affected if pension benefits were cut. Based on stochastic simulations, which account for uncertainty about length of life and out-ofpocket medical expenditures, we found that economic preparation for retirement among those with S&L government work histories would only be modestly reduced if their pension income were cut. Under a 50 percent cut to all pension income of households with any S&L sector work, only an additional three to four percent of these households would no longer be prepared for retirement. The change is modest because households with S&L employment have better preparation than other households; some of the cuts are paid for by reduced taxes; and the affected households will bequeath less.

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Section: Economic Preparation For Retirementsupporting

confidence: 90%

How Reliant are Older Americans on State and Local Government Pensions?

2019

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Retirement Adjustment in Germany From 1996 to 2014

Henning

Johansson

Lindwall

et al. 2021

Work, Aging and Retirement

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The context of retirement has changed over the last decades, but there is little knowledge on whether the quality of retirement adjustment has changed as well. Changes in retirement regulations and historical differences in resources may affect the quality of adjustment and increase inequalities between different socioeconomic groups. In the present study, we investigated historical differences in retirement adjustment by comparing cross-sectional samples of retirees from 1996, 2002, 2008, and 2014, based on the population-based German Ageing Survey. Adjustment was measured with three different indicators (perceived change in life after retirement, retirement satisfaction, adjustment difficulties). Retirement satisfaction was higher in later samples, but for the other two outcomes, there was no evidence for systematic increases or decreases in levels of retirement adjustment with historical time over the studied period. White-collar workers reported better adjustment than blue-collar workers did, and for two of three outcomes, this effect was stable over time. The white-collar workers’ advantage concerning retirement satisfaction, however, increased. We conclude that in Germany, at least for those who retire within the usual time window, adjustment quality has not changed systematically over the examined 18-year period. We only found mixed evidence for a growing social inequality in the retirement adjustment. However, as individual agency in choosing one’s retirement timing and pathway is increasingly restricted, social inequalities in well-being before retirement may increase.

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Trends in Health and Mortality Inequalities in the United States

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

How Reliant are Older Americans on State and Local Government Pensions?

How Reliant are Older Americans on State and Local Government Pensions?

Retirement Adjustment in Germany From 1996 to 2014

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