Trends in halogen-containing molecules measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite

Steffen, J.; Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.

doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106619

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The annual decline of CFC-11 and CFC-12 is due to the prohibition of emissions from industrial production. For CFC-11, the annual decreasing rate of total column is (−0.47 ± 0.16) %/y -1 , which is close to the value of −0.40 %/y -1 at St Petersburg observed from 2009 to 2019, but lower than the value of (−0.86 ± 0.12) %/y -1 reported at St Denis and Maïdo station observed from 2004 to 2016, and (−0.79 ± 0.06) %/y -1 derived from ACE-FTS during from 2012 to 2018 covering the region between 30°S and 30°N (Steffen et al, 2019;Polyakov et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2016). For CFC-12, the annual decreasing rate of the total column is (−0.79 ± 0.31) %/y -1 at the Hefei site, and close to the value of (−0.76 ± 0.05) %/y -1 derived from St Denis and Maïdo measurements, and (−0.79 ± 0.06) % /y -1 from ACE-FTS observations between 30°S and 30°N latitude, but larger than the value of −0.49%/y -1 from St. Petersburg measurements (De Maziere et al, 2018;Polyakov et al, 2021;Steffen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Error Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 59%

Retrieval of Atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from High-resolution FTIR Observations at Hefei and Comparisons with Satellite Data

Zeng

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Synthetic halogenated organic chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) play an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion, and contribute signiﬁcantly to the greenhouse effect. In this work, the mid-infrared solar spectra measured by ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to retrieve atmospheric CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) at Hefei, China. We implemented a new retrieval strategy, and analyzed the retrieval errors. The CFC-11 columns observed from January 2017 to December 2020 and CFC-12 columns from September 2015 to December 2020 show a similar annual decreasing trend and seasonal cycle, with an annual rate of (−0.47 % ± 0.16) % yr−1 and (−0.79 ± 0.31) % yr−1, respectively. CFC-11 total columns were higher in summer, and CFC-12 total columns were higher in summer and autumn. Both of CFC-11 and CFC-12 total columns reached the lowest in spring. The annual decreasing rate of near-surface concentration is (−0.60 ± 0.26) % y−1 for CFC-11, and (−0.81 ± 0.25) % y−1 for CFC-12. So the decline rate of CFC-11 is significantly lower than that of CFC-12. Further, FTIR data were compared with the ACE-FTS satellite data, WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) data and the data from other NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) station. The mean relative difference between the vertical profiles observed by FTIR and ACE-FTS is (−5.6 ± 3.3) % and (4.8 ± 0.9) % for CFC-11 and CFC-12 for altitude from 5.5 to 17.5 km, respectively. The results demonstrate our FTIR data agree relatively well with the ACE-FTS satellite data. The annual decreasing rate of CFC-11 measured from ACE-FTS and calculated by WACCM are (−1.15 ± 0.22) % and (−1.68 ± 0.18) %, respectively. The interannual decreasing rates of atmospheric CFC-11 obtained from ACE-FTS and WACCM data are higher than that from FTIR observations. Also, the annual decreasing rate of CFC-12 from ACE-FTS and WACCM is (–0.85 ± 0.15) % and (–0.81 ± 0.05) %, respectively, close to the corresponding values from the FTIR measurements. Further, the total columns of CFC-11 observed at the Hefei site are very close to those at St. Petersburg station, with a mean difference of 3.63 × 1012 molec·cm-2, while the total columns of CFC-12 are 1.69 × 1014 molec·cm-2, slightly higher than those at St. Petersburg station.

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Section: Error Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 59%

Retrieval of Atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from High-resolution FTIR Observations at Hefei and Comparisons with Satellite Data

Zeng

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We use version 4.0 of ACE-FTS and we filter outliers following the method detailed in Sheese et al (2015). Zonal mean trends are obtained from interpolations of the ACE-FTS retrievals from their constant altitude vertical grid to a constant vertical pressure grid employing a mass-conservative regridding method (see, e.g., Section 3.1 in Langerock et al, 2015 or Section 3.1.1 in Bader et al, 2017) followed by binning into 5° latitude intervals (e.g., Steffen et al, 2019). When compared to the ground-based FTIR time series, we use all ACE-FTS measurements included between 40°-50°S and 40°-50°N for Lauder and Jungfraujoch, respectively.…”

Section: Ace-ftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric Fluorine as a Tracer of Circulation Changes: Comparison Between Infrared Remote‐Sensing Observations and Simulations With Five Modern Reanalyses

et al. 2021

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Using multidecadal time series of ground-based and satellite Fourier transform infrared measurements of inorganic fluorine (i.e., total fluorine resident in stratospheric fluorine reservoirs), we investigate stratospheric circulation changes over the past 20 years. The representation of these changes in five modern reanalyses is further analyzed through chemical-transport model (CTM) simulations. From the observations but also from all reanalyses, we show that the inorganic fluorine is accumulating less rapidly in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere during the 21st century. Comparisons with a study evaluating the age-of-air of these reanalyses using the same CTM allow us to link this hemispheric asymmetry to changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), with the ageof-air of the Southern Hemisphere getting younger relative to that of the Northern Hemisphere. Large differences in simulated total columns and absolute trend values are, nevertheless, depicted between our simulations driven by the five reanalyses. Superimposed on this multidecadal change, we, furthermore, confirm a 5-7-year variability of the BDC that was first described in a recent study analyzing long-term time series of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ). It is important to stress that our results, based on observations and meteorological reanalyses, are in contrast with the projections of chemistryclimate models in response to the coupled increase of greenhouse gases and decrease of ozone-depleting substances, calling for further investigations and the continuation of long-term observations. Plain Language SummaryThe overturning circulation of the stratosphere is projected to change in response to increases in greenhouse gases and decreases in ozone-depleting substances, with the Southern Hemisphere branch expected to get weaker relative to the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we use 30-year time series of observations and simulations of a long-lived tracer to investigate stratospheric circulation changes. The observations analyzed are from ground-based and satellite instruments. We compare them with simulations that use a chemical-transport model driven by winds from meteorological reanalyses of 1990-2019. A reanalysis assimilates meteorological measurements into a forecast model to simulate the best possible representation of the atmospheric state. All five simulations, which use different reanalyses, agree with the observational analysis showing that the analyzed tracer is accumulating less rapidly in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere through 2019. This hemispheric asymmetry is attributed to changes in the stratospheric transport circulation, with the Southern Hemisphere branch getting stronger relative to the Northern Hemisphere. Our results support the conclusions of a recent observational study but do not support circulation changes projected by chemistry-climate models. This study highlights the crucial importance of long-term observation time series.

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“…However, it is lower than the value of −0.86 ± 0.12 % yr −1 reported at the St Denis and Maïdo (Réunion) station observed from 2004 to 2016, the value of −0.78 ± 0.05 % yr −1 reported at the Jungfraujoch station observed from 2000 to 2020, and the value of −0.79 ± 0.06 % yr −1 derived from ACE-FTS from 2012 to 2018 covering the region between 30 • S and 30 • N. For CFC-12, the annual decreasing rate of the total column is −0.68 ± 0.03 % yr −1 at the Hefei site, close to the value of −0.76 ± 0.05 % yr −1 derived from St Denis and Maïdo (Réunion) measurements and to −0.76±0.03 % yr −1 derived from ACE-FTS observations between 30 • S and 30 • N latitude. However, it is larger than the value of −0.49 % yr −1 from St. Petersburg measurements and the value of −0.38 ± 0.07 % yr −1 reported at the Jungfraujoch station (Polyakov et al, 2021;Steffen et al, 2019;Mahieu et al, 2015;Pardo Cantos et al, 2022). The total-column decline rate of CFC-11 is significantly lower than that of CFC-12.…”

Section: Error Analysismentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Satellite remote-sensing techniques, such as the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS, the vertical resolution is 1 km), the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS, the vertical resolution is 1 km), the collocated Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS, the vertical resolution is 4 km), and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS, the vertical resolution is 2-2.5 km), also play an important role in measuring the global distribution of CFCs (Eckert et al, 2016;Hoffmann et al, 2014;Kellmann et al, 2012;Khosrawi et al, 2004;Oshchepkov et al, 2006;Tegtmeier et al, 2016;Steffen et al, 2019). In addition, in the study of Chen et al (2020), global CFC-11 surface concentration and trend are observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS, the spatial resolution is 30 • longitude by 10 • latitude) aboard the NASA Aqua satellite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from high-resolution FTIR observations at Hefei and comparisons with other independent datasets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Synthetic halogenated organic chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) play an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion and contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect. In this work, the mid-infrared solar spectra measured by ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to retrieve atmospheric CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2) at Hefei, China. The CFC-11 columns observed from January 2017 to December 2020 and CFC-12 columns from September 2015 to December 2020 show a similar annual decreasing trend and seasonal cycle, with an annual rate of -0.47±0.06 % yr−1 and -0.68±0.03 % yr−1, respectively. So the decline rate of CFC-11 is significantly lower than that of CFC-12. CFC-11 total columns were higher in summer, and CFC-12 total columns were higher in summer and autumn. Both CFC-11 and CFC-12 total columns reached the lowest in spring. Further, FTIR data of NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) candidate station Hefei were compared with the ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer) satellite data, WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) data, and the data from other NDACC-IRWG (InfraRed Working Group) stations (St. Petersburg, Jungfraujoch, and Réunion). The mean relative difference between the vertical profiles observed by FTIR and ACE-FTS is -5.6±3.3 % and 4.8±0.9 % for CFC-11 and CFC-12 for an altitude of 5.5 to 17.5 km, respectively. The results demonstrate that our FTIR data agree relatively well with the ACE-FTS satellite data. The annual decreasing rate of CFC-11 measured from ACE-FTS and calculated by WACCM is -1.15±0.22 % yr−1 and -1.68±0.18 % yr−1, respectively. The interannual decreasing rates of atmospheric CFC-11 obtained from ACE-FTS and WACCM data are higher than that from FTIR observations. Also, the annual decreasing rate of CFC-12 from ACE-FTS and WACCM is -0.85±0.15 % yr−1 and -0.81±0.05 % yr−1, respectively, close to the corresponding values from the FTIR measurements. The total columns of CFC-11 and CFC-12 at the Hefei and St. Petersburg stations are significantly higher than those at the Jungfraujoch and Réunion (Maïdo) stations, and the two values reached the maximum in local summer or autumn and the minimum in local spring or winter at the four stations. The seasonal variability at the three stations in the Northern Hemisphere is higher than that at the station in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Trends in halogen-containing molecules measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Retrieval of Atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from High-resolution FTIR Observations at Hefei and Comparisons with Satellite Data

Retrieval of Atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from High-resolution FTIR Observations at Hefei and Comparisons with Satellite Data

Stratospheric Fluorine as a Tracer of Circulation Changes: Comparison Between Infrared Remote‐Sensing Observations and Simulations With Five Modern Reanalyses

Retrieval of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from high-resolution FTIR observations at Hefei and comparisons with other independent datasets

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