Trends in gestational weight gain: the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2000–2009

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Achieving adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) is important for optimal health of the infant and mother. We estimate current population-based trends of GWG. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for 124,348 women who delivered live infants in 14 states during 2000 through 2009. We examined prevalence and trends in GWG in pounds as a continuous variable, and within 1990 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations (yes/no) as a dichotomous variable. We examined adjusted trends in mean GWG using multivariable linear regression and GWG within recommendations using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS During 2000 through 2009, 35.8% of women gained within IOM GWG recommendations, 44.4% gained above, and 19.8% gained below. From 2000 through 2009, there was a biennial 1.0 percentage point decrease in women gaining within IOM GWG recommendations (P trend < .01) and a biennial 0.8 percentage point increase in women gaining above IOM recommendations (P trend < .01). The percentage of women gaining weight below IOM recommendations remained relatively constant from 2000 through 2009 (P trend = .14). The adjusted odds of gaining within IOM recommendations were lower in 2006 through 2007 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.96) and 2008 through 2009 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.96) relative to 2000 through 2001. CONCLUSION Overall, from 2000 through 2009 the percentage of women gaining within IOM recommendations slightly decreased while mean GWG slightly increased. Efforts are needed to develop and implement strategies to ensure that women achieve GWG within recommendations.

Gestational Weight Gain — United States, 2012 and 2013

“…Excessive GWG was more prevalent than inadequate or appropriate GWG in every state; in 17 states, the prevalence of excessive GWG was ≥50%. Other studies have reported similar findings (2) and indicate that during the past decade, the prevalence of excessive GWG has increased and prevalence of inadequate GWG has remained stable (3). These findings indicate that effective interventions during pregnancy, in addition to routine prenatal care, are needed to promote appropriate GWG.…”

Gestational weight gain in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

“…In a recent analysis of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 2010-2011, 21%, 32%, and 47% of women reported having inadequate weight gain, adequate weight gain, and excessive weight gain during pregnancy, respectively (38). In PRAMS, underweight women and normal weight women had decreased odds versus excessive weight gain, while overweight and obese women had increased odds of excessive weight gain (38, 39). Similar patterns were observed in our cohort of SLE women, with the frequency of excessive weight gain lower in normal weight and underweight women than overweight and obese women.…”

Gestational Weight Gain Trend and Population Attributable Risks of Adverse Fetal Growth Outcomes in Ohio

“…2, 4, 5 Long-term changes in GWG patterns would require more time following IOM’s issuance of guidelines; however, raising awareness among expecting mothers and obstetric care providers is critical to yield substantial changes. In 2013, the IOM and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology support the dissemination of the GWG guidelines and implementation at the practitioner level, and it is anticipated that GWG goal setting and nutrition and exercise consultation by practitioners will help gradually reduce GWG among overweight and obese women in the next few years.…”

“…1 The trend of GWG by BMI in statewide or nationwide data has not been available, particularly after 2009, although GWG trend from 2000–2009 in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System has been reported. 2 Categorization of GWG within or outside of the BMI-specific guidelines by total GWG only without consideration of gestational age may induce bias for pregnancies shorter or longer than 40 weeks, thus weekly GWG in the 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters needs to be factored into the determination. 3 GWG below the guidelines has been associated with small for gestational-age (SGA), while GWG above the guidelines has been linked to large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and macrosomia.…”