Trends in Drug Resistance Prevalence, HIV-1 Variants and Clinical Status in HIV-1-infected Pediatric Population in Madrid: 1993 to 2015 Analysis

Sánchez, Patricia Rojas; Domínguez, Sara; Ory, Santiago Jiménez de; Prieto, Luís; Rojo, Pablo; Mellado, Pepa; Navarro, Marisa; Delgado, Rafaël; Ramos, José Tomás; Holguín, África

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001760

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This high rate was coincident with the rate of ADR among autochthonous Portuguese patients (62%). Other European studies have revealed a high rate of ADR around 64% [42,43]. This ADR rate in migrants probably reflects long term follow up in portuguese hospitals and, therefore, is similar to autochtonous patients followed up in the same hospital.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infected Migrants Followed Up in Portugal: Trends between 2001–2017

Pimentel

Pingarilho

Alves

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Migration is associated with HIV-1 vulnerability. Objectives: To identify long-term trends in HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and antiretroviral drug resistance (ARV) among migrants followed up in Portugal Methods: 5177 patients were included between 2001 and 2017. Rega, Scuel, Comet, and jPHMM algorithms were used for subtyping. Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and Acquired drug resistance (ADR) were defined as the presence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) and as mutations of the IAS-USA 2015 algorithm, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: HIV-1 subtypes infecting migrants were consistent with the ones prevailing in their countries of origin. Over time, overall TDR significantly increased and specifically for Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) and Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs). TDR was higher in patients from Mozambique. Country of origin Mozambique and subtype B were independently associated with TDR. Overall, ADR significantly decreased over time and specifically for NRTIs and Protease Inhibitors (PIs). Age, subtype B, and viral load were independently associated with ADR. Conclusions: HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in migrants suggests high levels of connectivity with their country of origin. The increasing levels of TDR in migrants could indicate an increase also in their countries of origin, where more efficient surveillance should occur.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infected Migrants Followed Up in Portugal: Trends between 2001–2017

Pimentel

Pingarilho

Alves

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Among them, 203 (97.6%) could be successfully subtyped by phy. Overall, 172 (83.9%) of the 205 HIV-1 subjects were infected with HIV-1 subtype B pol , being the predominant variant, as previously reported 9,10 . HIV-1 subtype B infections were more frequent than by non-B variants (83.9% vs. 16.1%; p < 0.0001) in the whole cohort.…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

“…For resistance testing and HIV-1 variant characterization we selected the sequence/profile closest to December 2017 per patient, defining as sampling time the year of collection of sequenced samples, which ranged from 1993 to 2017. Most sequences were previously reported by our group 9 , 10 , except 20 new pol genotypes recovered from hospitals. We also collected retrospective epidemiological-virological data from clinical records closest to December 2017: origin, gender, age, HIV transmission route, HIV diagnosis date, antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience, CD4 and CD8 counts (percentage and cells/mm 3 ), CD4/CD8 rate, and viral load (HIV- 1 RNA copies/ml of plasma, cp/ml).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…To date, few studies have investigated the clinical status and epidemiological data of transferred patients from pediatric to adult care. Among high-income countries, Spain has one of the most studied and well reported perinatal HIV cohort, with 1,335 HIV-infected children, adolescents and youths registered since 1995 9 , 10 . The present study updates the demographic, epidemiological and virological features by December 2017 in HIV-1 infected adolescents/youths transferred to adult units in Madrid with available resistance genotypes vs. patients under pediatric care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virological outcome among HIV infected patients transferred from pediatric care to adult units in Madrid, Spain (1997–2017)

Beltrán-Pavez

Gutiérrez

Rubio-Garrido

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The aim of this transversal study was to describe the virological and immunological features of HIV-infected youths transferred from pediatric to adult care units since 1997 vs. the non-transferred patients from the Madrid Cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in Spain. We included 106 non-transferred and 184 transferred patients under clinical follow-up in 17 public hospitals in Madrid by the end of December 2017. Virological and immunological outcomes were compared in transferred vs. non-transferred patients. ART drug resistance mutations and HIV-variants were analyzed in all subjects with available resistance pol genotypes and/or genotypic resistance profiles. Among the study cohort, 133 (72.3%) of 184 transferred and 75 (70.7%) of 106 non-transferred patients had available resistance genotypes. Most (88.9%) of transferred had ART experience at sampling. A third (33.3%) had had a triple-class experience. Acquired drug resistance (ADR) prevalence was significantly higher in pretreated transferred than non-transferred patients (71.8% vs. 44%; p = 0.0009), mainly to NRTI (72.8% vs. 31.1%; p < 0.0001) and PI (29.1% vs. 12%; p = 0.0262). HIV-1 non-B variants were less frequent in transferred vs. non-transferred (6.9% vs. 32%; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the frequent resistant genotypes found in transferred youths justifies the reinforcement of HIV resistance monitoring after the transition to avoid future therapeutic failures.

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“…However, information on the frequency and severity of long‐term adverse effects in children is limited 89 . Periodic surveillance studies and molecular epidemiology are required in long‐term pretreated HIV‐infected paediatric populations to optimize treatment regimens and to better understand the long‐term dynamics of viral resistance and variants of HIV 117 …”

Section: Viral Infections and Mitochondrial Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial changes associated with viral infectious diseases in the paediatric population

Romero-Cordero

Noguera-Julián

Cardellach

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Infectious diseases occur worldwide with great frequency in both adults and children, causing 350,000 deaths in 2017, according to the latest World Health Organization reports. Both infections and their treatments trigger mitochondrial interactions at multiple levels: (i) incorporation of damaged or mutated proteins into the complexes of the electron transport chain; (ii) impact on mitochondrial genome (depletion, deletions and point mutations) and mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission); (iii) membrane potential impairment; (iv) apoptotic regulation; and (v) generation of reactive oxygen species, among others. Such alterations may result in serious adverse clinical events with considerable impact on the quality of life of the children and could even cause death. Herein, we use a systematic review to explore the association between mitochondrial alterations in paediatric infections including human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes viruses, various forms of hepatitis, adenovirus, T‐cell lymphotropic virus and influenza. We analyse how these paediatric viral infectious processes may cause mitochondrial deterioration in this especially vulnerable population, with consideration for the principal aspects of research and diagnosis leading to improved disease understanding, management and surveillance.

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Trends in Drug Resistance Prevalence, HIV-1 Variants and Clinical Status in HIV-1-infected Pediatric Population in Madrid: 1993 to 2015 Analysis

Abstract: Periodic surveillance resistance and molecular epidemiology studies in long-term pretreated HIV-infected pediatric populations are required to optimize treatment regimens. Results will permit a better understanding of long-time dynamics of viral resistance and HIV-1 variants in Spain.

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infected Migrants Followed Up in Portugal: Trends between 2001–2017

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infected Migrants Followed Up in Portugal: Trends between 2001–2017

Virological outcome among HIV infected patients transferred from pediatric care to adult units in Madrid, Spain (1997–2017)

Mitochondrial changes associated with viral infectious diseases in the paediatric population

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