Trends in Drought over the Northeast United States

Krakauer, Nir Y.; Lakhankar, Tarendra; Hudson, D. C.

doi:10.3390/w11091834

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The results of this study imply that the restoration of wetlands may play a role in the mitigation of climate change through the ability to store C that would otherwise be emitted as CO 2 . Additionally, we observed that GHG emissions and soil parameters were affected by drought conditions such as those experienced in Massachusetts in the summer of 2016 and that are predicted by climate change models to increase in frequency (Krakauer et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Restoration of retired agricultural land to wetland mitigates greenhouse gas emissions

Bartolucci

Anderson

Ballantine

2020

Restoration Ecology

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Retired farmland restoration is increasingly seen as a valuable opportunity to improve ecosystem functions in sensitive regions. For example, with expected mass retirement of cranberry farms in New England, there is increasing interest in restoring retired cranberry farms back to wetlands. To understand how restoration of retired cranberry farms to wetland ecosystems influences climate-related ecosystem functions, we assessed methane and carbon dioxide emissions from different post-farming management options, including an actively farmed cranberry bog, young and old retired cranberry bogs, young and old restored cranberry bogs, and a natural reference bog. In addition to methane and carbon dioxide, we measured key soil properties influential in greenhouse gas flux, including soil organic matter, moisture, pH, redox potential, and bulk density. Greenhouse gas flux differed significantly by site type, with the restored systems functioning similarly to the natural reference wetland while retired sites had fluxes similar to the actively farmed site. The older restored site had significantly lower emissions of both methane and carbon dioxide than the newly restored site, indicating that over a larger time scale, restored systems may transition from net carbon dioxide sources to sinks. Overall, the results of this study suggest that in addition to the many other ecological benefits, the restoration of wetlands may also play a role in climate change mitigation through their ability to store carbon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Restoration of retired agricultural land to wetland mitigates greenhouse gas emissions

Bartolucci

Anderson

Ballantine

2020

Restoration Ecology

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“…The arithmetical mean of drought duration, severity, intensity, and peak is used to compare different zones. Several studies have used the run theory for the identification and characterization of droughts [18,19,21,23,41].…”

Section: Drought Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Drought in Pakistan Using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index

et al. 2019

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Featured Application:The following research has a potential to provide a scientific basis for the management of drought mitigation strategies. The trends in drought characteristics in each zone throughout the study period can help decision-makers with more information on resource planning. The identification of contiguous zones with similar drought characteristics across Pakistan is the first step towards developing an integrated and holistic policy to minimize the impacts of droughts. This study will help achieve this goal.Abstract: Pakistan is among the top ten countries adversely affected by climate change. More specifically, there is concern that climate change may cause longer and severer spells of droughts. To quantify the change in the characteristics of droughts in Pakistan over the years, we have evaluated spatio-temporal trends of droughts in Pakistan over the period 1902-2015 using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Additionally, the Spatial "K" luster Analysis using Tree Edge Removal (SKATER) method was employed to regionalize droughts into five contiguous zones. The run theory was then applied to each zone to identify drought events and characterize them in terms of duration, severity, intensity, and peak. Moreover, the Modified Mann-Kendall trend test was applied to identify statistically significant trends in SPEI and drought characteristics in each zone. It was found that the southern areas of Pakistan, encompassing Sindh and most of Baluchistan, have experienced a decrease in SPEI, indicating a drying trend. Central Pakistan has witnessed a wetting trend as demonstrated by an increase in SPEI over time, whereas no statistically significant trend was observed for the northern areas of Pakistan. On a zonal basis, the longest duration drought to occur in Pakistan lasted 22 months in zone 5 (Sindh) from 1968 to 1970. In addition, the droughts of 1920 and 2000 can be said to be the worst drought in the history of the region as it affected all the zones and lasted for more than 10-months in three zones.

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“…Therefore, SPEI reflects the effects of temperature on droughts, and so is more suitable for drought monitoring in a changing climate. There have been various studies conducted that show the efficiency of SPEI as an index to monitor and characterize droughts [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. SPEI has also been documented to be a suitable indicator for monitoring droughts in Pakistan [14,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Evolution of Drought Characteristics in Balochistan, Pakistan

et al. 2020

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In the wake of a rapidly changing climate, droughts have intensified, in both duration and severity, across the globe. The Germanwatch long-term Climate Risk Index ranks Pakistan among the top 10 countries most affected by the adverse effects of climate change. Within Pakistan, the province of Balochistan is among the most vulnerable regions due to recurring prolonged droughts, erratic precipitation patterns, and dependence on agriculture and livestock for survival. This study aims to explore how the characteristics of droughts have evolved in the region from 1902–2015 using 3-month and 12-month timescales of a popular drought index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The region was divided into six zones using Spatial “K”luster Analysis using Tree Edge Removal (SKATER) method, and run theory was applied to characterize droughts in terms of duration, severity, intensity, and peak. The results of the non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend test applied to SPEI indicate prevailing significant negative trends (dryer conditions) in all the zones. Balochistan experienced its most severe droughts in the 1960s and around 2000. The effects of climate change are also evident in the fact that all the long duration droughts occurred after 1960. Moreover, the number of droughts identified by 3-month SPEI showed a significant increase after 1960 for all six zones. The same trend was found in the 12-month SPEI but for only three zones.

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Trends in Drought over the Northeast United States

Cited by 17 publications

References 76 publications

Restoration of retired agricultural land to wetland mitigates greenhouse gas emissions

Restoration of retired agricultural land to wetland mitigates greenhouse gas emissions

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Drought in Pakistan Using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index

Exploring the Evolution of Drought Characteristics in Balochistan, Pakistan

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