Trends in Diversity Related to Gender and Race in the Surgical Specialties and Subspecialties Inclusive of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Ferguson, Brett L.; Morgan, Maria Zeta; Wilson, Susan B.

doi:10.1016/j.coms.2021.07.001

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 However, we remained curious about additional characteristics of researchers contributing to the skull base literature. Considering the recent successes of the global surgery movement as well as the growth of ethnic and gender minorities represented in surgical subspecialties, [17][18][19][20][21] we believe that there is much to learn via the study of characteristics of authors that had their abstracts accepted to NASBS. Therefore, we evaluated all abstracts presented at the NASBS annual conference and subsequently published in JNLS B from 2011 to 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Decade of Global Skull Base Researchers: Authorship Trends from 3,295 Abstracts in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base

Hansen

Palma

Blocher

et al. 2023

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base

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Objective: The North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) multidisciplinary annual conference hosts skull base researchers from across the globe. We hypothesized that the work presented at the NASBS annual conference would reveal diverse authorship teams in terms of specialty and geography. Methods: In this retrospective review, abstracts presented at the NASBS annual meeting and subsequently published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base between 01/01/2011 and 12/31/2020 were collected. Variables extracted included year, type of presentation, and author names and affiliations. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS V23.0 with p-values < 0.05 considered significant. Geographic heat maps were created to assess author distribution, and a network analysis was performed to display authorship collaboration between geographic regions. <b>Results:</b> Of 3,312 published abstracts, 731 (22.1%) had an author with an affiliation outside of the United States. Fifty-seven distinct countries were represented. 324 abstracts (9.8%) had authorship teams representing at least 2 different countries. The top five USA states by abstract representation were Pennsylvania, California, New York, Ohio, and Minnesota. A majority of authors reported neurosurgery affiliations (56.7% first authors, 53.2% last authors), closely followed by otolaryngology (39.1% first authors, 41.5% last authors). No solo authors and very few (3.3%) of the first authors reported a departmental affiliation outside of otolaryngology or neurosurgery. <b>Conclusions:</b> Authors from many countries disseminate their work through poster and oral presentations at the NASBS annual meeting. 10% of abstracts were the product of international collaboration. Most authors were affiliated with a neurosurgery or otolaryngology department.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Global Skull Base Researchers: Authorship Trends from 3,295 Abstracts in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base

Hansen

Palma

Blocher

et al. 2023

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base

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“…They included such factors as a lack of mentorship and OMS role models for women as well as sexual and covert harassment and gender discrimination. 16 These factors might not only play a role in OMS residency programs but may already affect pre-doctoral dental students' considerations concerning pursuing an OMS career. 9 Only limited research has explored this question in dental school settings so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers argued that the reasons for these gender differences were multifactorial. They included such factors as a lack of mentorship and OMS role models for women as well as sexual and covert harassment and gender discrimination 16 . These factors might not only play a role in OMS residency programs but may already affect pre‐doctoral dental students’ considerations concerning pursuing an OMS career 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral maxillofacial surgery resident, faculty and practitioner role models and dental students' interest in oral maxillofacial surgery careers: Does gender matter?

Marti

Edwards

Inglehart

2023

Journal of Dental Education

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Purpose: Residency programs in oral maxillofacial surgery (OMS) have the lowest percentage (2020: 18.4%) of female graduates among all dental specialty programs. When considering this underrepresentation of female OMS residents, prior studies have not examined how OMS role models might shape dental students' interest in OMS careers. The objectives were to assess female versus male students' OMS-related career motivation, their experiences/attitudes toward three groups of OMS role models (i.e., OMS residents, faculty, and practitioners), and relationships between role model-related experiences/attitudes and career motivation.Methods: 363 female and 335 male students from 14 United States and two Canadian dental schools participated in this cross-sectional study by responding to an online survey. Results: 13.8% of female and 26% of male respondents (p < 0.001) were much/very much interested in OMS careers. More male than female students had shadowed an OMS in an office setting (43.4% vs. 35.1%; p < 0.05). The groups did not differ in their motivation to learn more and earlier about OMS nor in the quantity of OMS-related experiences prior to and during dental school. However, male students were more satisfied with the quality of these experiences (5-point scale with 5 = most positive: Means: 3.76 vs. 3.53; p < 0.05), were more comfortable approaching/working with OMS instructors (3.51 vs. 3.19; p < 0.01) and reported to have learned more from residents (3.52 vs. 3.31; p < 0.05) and faculty (3.75 vs. 3.45; p < 0.01) than female students. Female students agreed less that OMS residents, faculty, and practitioners encouraged students to pursue OMS (3.27 vs. 3.44; p < 0.01 / 3.46 vs. 3.63; p < 0.01 / 3.45 vs. 3.61; p < 0.01). Role modelrelated experiences and attitudes correlated with an interest in an OMS career. Conclusions:The two groups do not differ in the quantity of most OMS experiences before and during dental school and their motivation to learn more andThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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The need for critical and intersectional approaches to equity efforts in postgraduate medical education: A critical narrative review

Lam,

Coret,

Khalil

et al. 2024

Medical Education

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BackgroundRacialised trainees in Canada and the USA continue to disproportionately experience discrimination and harassment in learning environments despite equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) reform efforts. Using critical approaches to understand what problems have been conceptualised and operationalised as EDI issues within postgraduate medical education (PGME) is important to inform ongoing learning environment reform in resident training.MethodsWe conducted a critical narrative review of EDI literature from 2009–2022 using critical race theory (CRT) and the concept of intersectionality to analyse how issues of discrimination in PGME have been studied. Our search yielded 2244 articles that were narrowed down to 349 articles for relevance to Canadian and American PGME contexts. We attended to reflexivity and our positionality in analysing the database and identifying themes related to EDI reform.ResultsInterest convergence was noted in how EDI reform was rationalised primarily by increased productivity. Problems of learner representation, gender inequities and curricular problems were conceptualised as EDI issues. The role that racism played in EDI‐related problems was largely invisible, as were explicit conceptualisations of race and gender as social constructs. Overall, there was a lack of critical or intersectional approaches in the literature reviewed. Misalignment was noted where studies would frame a problem through a critical lens, but then study the problem without attention to power.DiscussionInterest convergence and epistemic injustice can account for the absence of critical approaches due to the alignment of existing EDI work with institutional interests and priorities. Interest convergence conceptually limits existing EDI reform efforts in PGME. CRT and intersectionality connect racialised learner experiences to systemic phenomena like racism and other forms of discrimination to challenge dominant assumptions. Because they attend to power, critical approaches are key to understanding why inequities have persisted to advance equity in learning environments for racialised and intersectionally marginalised learners.

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Trends in Diversity Related to Gender and Race in the Surgical Specialties and Subspecialties Inclusive of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

A Decade of Global Skull Base Researchers: Authorship Trends from 3,295 Abstracts in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base

A Decade of Global Skull Base Researchers: Authorship Trends from 3,295 Abstracts in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base

Oral maxillofacial surgery resident, faculty and practitioner role models and dental students' interest in oral maxillofacial surgery careers: Does gender matter?

The need for critical and intersectional approaches to equity efforts in postgraduate medical education: A critical narrative review

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