Trends in Damage by Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Grain Crops in Saskatchewan, 1954–1961

Burrage, R. H.

doi:10.4141/cjps64-102

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…destructor were associated with ecdysis in the laboratory. Burrage (1963) observed several feeding peaks of this wireworm during the summer in the field. He considered that peaks and depressions in feeding may have been partly due to moulting cycles and partly due to the previous soil moisture and temperature experience of the larvae.…”

Section: Per Cent Response Of Wireworms To C O mentioning

confidence: 94%

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THE ORIENTATION RESPONSE OFCTEMCERA DESTRUCTORAND OTHER WIRE WORMS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) TO GERMINATING GRAIN AND TO CARBON DIOXIDE

Doane¹,

Lee²,

Klingler³

et al. 1975

Can Entomol

112

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Can. Ent. 107: 1233-1252 (1975) Several species of wireworms were attracted to germinating wheat, air from flasks of germinating wheat, decomposing oatmeal, commercial CO, and, in addition, germinating seeds of eight other cultivated plant species. Larvae located a biological or experimental source of CO, by a directed movement along CO, gradients, from distances up to 20 cm.Methods and apparatus for measuring small CO, gradients, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, are described. Ctenicera destructor (Brown) larvae apparently responded to CO, gradients between glass plates, that ascended on the average by 0.0028 (soil) and 0.0058 (agar)/cm over a distance of from 12 to 16 cm. The "sensitivity threshold" was calculated as being 1-2 ppm over the distance involved in one deflection of the head during klinotactic orientation. Attractancy was observed within a range of CO, concentration from about 0.0368 to 1.5%. Repellent effects did not appear to be only related to concentration, but possibly were due to steepness of the gradient and(or) previous exposure to CO,.Passing an air stream from germinating grain over a KOH solution eliminated the attractancy of the grain by removing the CO, and possibly other undetected attractants. A small percentage of C. destructor larvae apparently oriented to an ethylene source, but it was concluded the CO, was the most important if not the only attractant from germinating wheat seeds. General MethodsThe wireworms used for the majority of the experiments were Ctenicera destructor (Brown) and Agriotes obscurus-lineatus (L.). Observations were also made on Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) and Hypolithus bicolor Eschscholtz. The Agriotes larvae were collected from pastures in Switzerland, near Wadenswil and Horgen in the autumn and near Egnach in the spring. The remaining species mentioned above were collected near Saskatoon, Sask.The A. obscurus-lineatus, L. californicus, and H . bicolor larvae were brought to room temperature (22-25°C) 24-48 h before being used in experiments. The C . destructor larvae were put in individual dishes at 15OC for at least 2 weeks and then transferred to room temperature (ca. 25°C) for testing. None of the larvae was fed before any of the experiments.The response of larvae to the stimulus offered by a germinating seed or a source of CO, was observed and recorded following the general method of Klingler (1958). A thin layer of soil was sprinkled on a 3 0 x 30 cm glass plate on which a germinating seed or seeds had been placed. The soil and seed were then covered by a second glass plate held 2.4 mm above the bottom plate by supports in each comer. If CO, was used as the stimulus, a No. 22 hypodermic needle 15 cm long was taped to the bottom of the top plate at any desired point between the plates before the soil was applied. The hypodermic needle was connected to a 125-or a 50-ml flask filled with COZ4 and with an automatic syringe which allowed injection speeds ranging from 0.2 to 60 mllh.Larvae to be tested for a response were introduce...

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Section: Per Cent Response Of Wireworms To C O mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…(Eidt 1953), Ctenicera destructor (Brown) (Burrage 1964), and wireworms in general as pests of cultivated crops has been well documented. The apparent response of Agriotes sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ORIENTATION RESPONSE OFCTEMCERA DESTRUCTORAND OTHER WIRE WORMS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) TO GERMINATING GRAIN AND TO CARBON DIOXIDE

Doane¹,

Lee²,

Klingler³

et al. 1975

Can Entomol

112

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“…What makes fipronil unique relative to the neonicotinoids and pyrethroids is that it rapidly kills wireworms of all species upon contact, and at much lower rates will kill wireworms several months after exposure . Stand protection and wireworm reduction with fipronil at these low rates were actually superior to lindane , suggesting that the general reductions in wireworm economic importance coincident with increasing lindane use in the past (Burrage 1964) could again be achieved with fipronil seed treatments. In potatoes, fipronil applied as an in-furrow spray at planting has been shown to provide blemish control comparable to the OP phorate (Sewell and Alyokin 2004, Kuhar and Alvarez 2008, and high mortality of resident and neonate wireworms has also been observed (Vernon et al 2007, R. S.Vernon, unpubl.…”

Section: Phenyl Pyrazolsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wireworms as Pests of Potato

Vernon

Herk

2013

Insect Pests of Potato

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“…Biology and habits of C. destructor have been discussed by several investigators (Strickland 1935;Doane 1961Doane , 1967Burrage 1963;Zacharuk 1962). A brief resum6 of the main aspects that pertain to sampling follows.…”

Section: Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ctenicera destructor (Brown) and Hypolithus bicolor Eschscholtz are the most widespread species of wireworm causing economic damage in the prairie provinces; however, C. destructor is considered the most destructive. The geographical distribution of C. destructor has been reported on (King 1928;Strickland 1935;Zacharuk 1962;Burrage 1964) but the spatial patterns of larvae of different sizes and of the other stages have not been determined. In addition, information is lacking on the sample size required to achieve acceptable levels of precision at different wireworm densities and on the relative density of the different stages of these elaterids (population composition).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPATIAL PATTERN AND DENSITY OFCTENICERA DESTRUCTORANDHYPOLITHUS BICOLOR(COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) IN SOIL IN SPRING WHEAT

Doane¹

1977

Can Entomol

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Determination of the spatial pattern and estimation of the density of egg, larval, and adult populations of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) and Hypolithus bicolor Eschscholtz were made by soil sampling, and for C. destructor adults, also by cages that collected the emerging adults in the spring. Eggs of both the above species and also those of Aeolus mellillus (Say), which were also found in the samples, were highly aggregated. Small C. destructor larvae were most highly aggregated and medium larvae less so; large larvae were usually randomly distributed. Unlike C. destructor, large H. bicolor larvae were more highly aggregated than either the small or medium bicolor larvae. Sampling by emergence cages showed that C. destructor adults were aggregated while sampling by soil cores showed them to be randomly distributed. The different result obtained by the two methods was attributed to the difference in the size of the sampling unit. Aggregation was detected in 29% of the H. bicolor adult population sampled by soil cores only.Larval densities of C. destructor ranged from a low of 0.25 to a high of 1.46 per sample unit (81 cm2) over the 14-year period that samples were taken; densities of H. bicolor ranged from 0.16 to 0.64. Densities of C. destructor and H. bicolor adults averaged about 6 (range 1–16) % and 12 (0–27) % of the total population of larvae and adults for each respective species. Population composition, in terms of adults and larvae of different sizes, and population fluctuations are discussed.The relation between density and the number of sampling units required to achieve four levels of margin of error at four levels of statistical significance was determined.No satisfactory transformation was found for data of individual samples with a mean less than 1. Several common transformations, including Taylor’s power transformation, were satisfactory for stabilizing the variance of pooled samples.

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Trends in Damage by Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Grain Crops in Saskatchewan, 1954–1961

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

THE ORIENTATION RESPONSE OFCTEMCERA DESTRUCTORAND OTHER WIRE WORMS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) TO GERMINATING GRAIN AND TO CARBON DIOXIDE

THE ORIENTATION RESPONSE OFCTEMCERA DESTRUCTORAND OTHER WIRE WORMS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) TO GERMINATING GRAIN AND TO CARBON DIOXIDE

Wireworms as Pests of Potato

SPATIAL PATTERN AND DENSITY OFCTENICERA DESTRUCTORANDHYPOLITHUS BICOLOR(COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) IN SOIL IN SPRING WHEAT

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