Trends in COVID-19 Vaccine Administration and Effectiveness Through October 2021

Winkelman, Tyler N.A.; Rai, Nayanjot; Bodurtha, Peter; Chamberlain, Alanna M.; DeSilva, Malini B.; Jeruzal, Jessica; Johnson, Steve; Kharbanda, Anupam B.; Klyn, Niall A.M.; Mink, Pamela J.; Muscoplat, Miriam Halstead; Waring, Stephen; Yu, Yue; Drawz, Paul

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5018

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It should be noted that this study defined cases based on test-positivity only, and it was conducted shortly after vaccine rollout; also, health care workers may differ from the general AI/AN population in terms of socioeconomic status and exposure risk, so comparisons with our results should be made cautiously. In a more recent test-negative design study conducted in Minnesota during Delta predominance, estimated VE among AI/AN persons was lower for COVID-19-associated hospitalization (Pfizer-BioNTech: 72%; Moderna: 76%) than our estimates of VE during Delta predominance [ 34 ]. When stratified by time since vaccination (using a similar time frame as our study, ≤26 vs >26 weeks), results were similar, but our estimates were still greater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Traditional knowledge, histories, language, and values are irreparably lost with every tribal elder who has succumbed to COVID-19, and these losses are borne by entire communities [ 4 ]. Previous studies have reported reduced VE in older hospitalized adults [ 18 , 34 ]. Although we also observed that VE point estimates decreased with age among inpatients, confidence intervals overlapped, and there were no significant differences in VE by age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January–November 2021: A Test-Negative Case-Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data

Lutz

Hartman

Vigil

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Despite the disproportionate morbidity and mortality experienced by American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons during the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies have reported vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates among these communities. Methods We conducted a test-negative case-control analysis among AI/AN persons aged ≥12 years presenting for care from January 1, 2021 through November 30, 2021 to evaluate effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Cases and controls were patients with ≥1 symptom consistent with COVID-19-like illness; cases were defined as those test-positive for SARS-CoV-2 and controls were defined as those test-negative for SARS-CoV-2. We used unconditional multivariable logistic regression to estimate VE, defined as 1 minus the adjusted odds ratio for vaccination among cases versus controls. Results The analysis included 207 cases and 267 test-negative controls. Forty-four percent of cases and 78% of controls received two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. VE point estimates for two doses of mRNA vaccine were higher for hospitalized participants (94.6% [88.0–97.6]) than outpatient participants (86.5% [63.0–95.0]), but confidence intervals overlapped. Conclusions Among AI/AN persons, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were highly effective in preventing COVID-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations. Maintaining high vaccine coverage, including booster doses, will reduce the burden of disease in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January–November 2021: A Test-Negative Case-Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data

Lutz

Hartman

Vigil

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…The common data files also include information on whether an individual experienced homelessness or incarceration within the prior year. Each row in the common data file is dedicated to an individual and includes the following data: age, sex, race/ethnicity, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing date and result, COVID-19 vaccination date and type, specific comorbid medical conditions, and neighborhood level characteristics (i.e., social vulnerability index and rurality) at the zip code level [ 15 – 17 ]. Because patients may be seen at multiple health systems, each patient is assigned to one health system based on the following: availability of race/ethnicity data, intensity of care in the last 12 and 36 months (defined by number of blood pressures documented in the patient record), and year of last diagnosis in the EHR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hospitalization file includes admission and discharge dates, and a link to the site-specific common data file at the patient level. Data on homelessness, incarceration, death, and vaccinations are linked to MNEHRC data using a secure privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) process [ 11 , 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Related Hospitalizations in People who had Experienced Homelessness or Incarceration – Findings from the Minnesota EHR Consortium

DeSilva,

Knowlton,

Rai

et al. 2023

J Community Health

Self Cite

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COVID-19 disproportionately affects people experiencing homelessness or incarceration. While homelessness or incarceration alone may not impact vaccine effectiveness, medical comorbidities along with social conditions associated with homelessness or incarceration may impact estimated vaccine effectiveness. COVID-19 vaccines reduce rates of hospitalization and death; vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe outcomes in people experiencing homelessness or incarceration is unknown. We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study evaluating COVID-19 vaccine VE against SARS-CoV-2 related hospitalization (positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular test same week or within 3 weeks prior to hospital admission) among patients who had experienced homelessness or incarceration. We utilized data from 8 health systems in the Minnesota Electronic Health Record Consortium linked to data from Minnesota’s immunization information system, Homeless Management Information System, and Department of Corrections. We included patients 18 years and older with a history of experiencing homelessness or incarceration. VE and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) against SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization were estimated for primary series and one booster dose from Cox proportional hazard models as 100*(1-Hazard Ratio) during August 26, 2021, through October 8, 2022 adjusting for patient age, sex, comorbid medical conditions, and race/ethnicity. We included 80,051 individuals who had experienced homelessness or incarceration. Adjusted VE was 52% (95% CI, 41–60%) among those 22 weeks or more since their primary series, 66% (95% CI, 53–75%) among those less than 22 weeks since their primary series, and 69% (95% CI: 60–76%) among those with one booster. VE estimates were consistently lower during the Omicron predominance period compared with the combined Omicron and Delta periods. Despite higher exposure risk, COVID-19 vaccines provided good effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 related hospitalizations in persons who have experienced homelessness or incarceration.

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“…In 2021 and 2022, the availability of COVID-19 vaccinations has increased (15,16), which could be effective to reduce the number of infections and severity of cases (17). A retrospective study published in 2023 found that mortality rates among patients undergoing liver transplantation during vaccination period (September 2021 to March 2022) have equalized with pre-COVID-19 (18).…”

Section: Did Covid-19 Vaccinations Improve Outcomes After Hpb Surgery?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surgical outcomes after hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery

Shirata

Halkic

2023

GHM

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The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in December 2019, has caused significant disruption in healthcare systems worldwide by creating enormous pressure on hospital capacity (1). This situation has impacted surgical patients both with and without COVID-19. Research conducted by the COVIDSurg collaborative has revealed that 28.4 million elective surgeries, including 2.3 million cancer surgeries, were cancelled or postponed due to a shortage of intensive care capacity over a 12-week period of peak disruption to hospital services in 2020 (2-4). Another issue is that the fear of perioperative mortality in patients undergoing major surgery for hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancer, related to COVID-19, also affected the allocation of surgery. It is therefore essential for HPB surgeons to well understand the perioperative risk and management of HPB surgery during the pandemic.

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Trends in COVID-19 Vaccine Administration and Effectiveness Through October 2021

Abstract: This cohort study reports statewide trends in vaccine administration and vaccine effectiveness in Minnesota.

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January–November 2021: A Test-Negative Case-Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data

Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Preventing COVID-19-Associated Outpatient Visits and Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons, January–November 2021: A Test-Negative Case-Control Analysis Using Surveillance Data

Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Related Hospitalizations in People who had Experienced Homelessness or Incarceration – Findings from the Minnesota EHR Consortium

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on surgical outcomes after hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery

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