Trends in Coronary Risk Factors in Italy

Menotti, Alessandro; Scanga, M.

doi:10.1093/ije/21.5.883

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Second, the epidemiological studies (and strong beliefs) about the importance of specific risk factors, especially dietary fats, may have led to additional possible explanations being overlooked. A more careful look at countries with long time-series of data indicates that decline in CVD mortality in at least some countries, may have begun before its classical risk factors started to decline, 53,168,185,186 raising the possibility that other important factors, and their combinations, may have been partly responsible for its initiation.…”

Section: The Early Signals and Studies On Risk Factors And Cvd Mortalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of risk factors and medical care to cardiovascular mortality trends

et al. 2015

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Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for an estimated 17.5 million annual deaths in the world. If account is taken of population aging, death rates from CVDs are estimated to be steadily decreasing in the world as a whole, and in regions with reliable trend data. The declines in high-income countries and some countries in Latin America have been ongoing for decades with no indication of slowing. In high-income countries, these positive trends have broadly coincided with, and benefited from, declines in smoking and physiological risk factors like blood pressure and serum cholesterol. Improvements in medical care, including effective primary prevention through management of physiological risk factors, better diagnosis and treatment of acute CVDs, and post-hospital care of those with prior CVDs, are also likely to have contributed to declining CVD event and death rates, especially in the past 40 years. However, the measured risk factor and treatment variables neither explain why the decline began when it did, nor much of the similarities and differences in the start time and rate of the decline across countries or between men and women. There have been sharp changes and fluctuations in CVDs in the former communist countries of Europe and the Soviet Union since the fall of communism in the early 1990s, with changes in volume and patterns of alcohol drinking, as a major cause of the rise in Russia and some other former Soviet countries. The challenge of reaching more definitive conclusions concerning the drivers of what constitutes one of the most remarkable international trends in adult mortality in the past half-century in part reflects the paucity of time trend data not only on disease incidence, risk factors, and clinical care, but also on other potential drivers, including infection and associated inflammatory processes throughout the lifecourse.

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Section: The Early Signals and Studies On Risk Factors And Cvd Mortalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of risk factors and medical care to cardiovascular mortality trends

et al. 2015

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“…Beneficial changes in known coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors (such as diet, blood lipids, blood pressure, and smoking) have been found to be associated with the decline of mortality from CHD in many developed countries [1][2][3][4]. Aggregate data of food consumption and results of health surveys were used in general to monitor the evolution over time of the risk factor levels in the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors (1984–1993) in a Swiss Region: Results of Three Population Surveys

Wietlisbach

Paccaud

Roy

et al. 1997

Preventive Medicine

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Background. This study attempted to assess the time trends in lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in the Swiss region of Vaud-Fribourg (population 784,000).Methods. Three surveys (1984/1985, 1988/1989, and 1992/1993), based on independent representative samples (n = 3,300) of the population ages 25 to 74, were conducted within the framework of the international WHO-MONICA Project.Results. The most favorable changes were observed in reported behaviors: increased physical activity in leisure time, healthier dietary habits (switch from unskimmed milk, butter, and meat to skimmed milk, margarine, and fish, with no change for fruits and vegetables), and lower prevalence of regular smoking among men (from 32 to 28%). Body mass index did not vary significantly, apart from an increase in the prevalence of obesity among men (from 11 to 15%). Total cholesterol varied only slightly, while the HDL cholesterol levels decreased steadily (from 1.37 to 1.19 mmol/L among men; from 1.59 to 1.51 among women). Average systolic blood pressure regressed among women (from 127.2 to 124.4 mm Hg), while the prevalence of untreated hypertension increased among older men.Conclusion. The self-reported changes in lifestyle were only partially reflected by favorable trends in objective measurements. Physical activity, even at moderate intensity, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fiber in general should be promoted.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Italy

Menotti

1999

Preventive Medicine

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Trends in Coronary Risk Factors in Italy

Cited by 24 publications

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Contributions of risk factors and medical care to cardiovascular mortality trends

Contributions of risk factors and medical care to cardiovascular mortality trends

Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors (1984–1993) in a Swiss Region: Results of Three Population Surveys

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Italy

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