Trends in Concentrations of Benzene Soluble Suspended Particulate Fraction and Benzo(a)pyrene

Faoro, Robert B.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1975.10470124

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The decrease in the use of coal for heating homes and offices is considered to be the main cause of this long-term downward trend. Downward trends in the BaP concentrations have also been observed in other cities in Japan (13,14) as well as in other countries (11,12,22,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) has been used for many years as a carcinogenic indicator of air pollution, owing to its strong carcinogenic effect, its relative abundance in the air, and its strong correlation with other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ( , ). Several reports, however, have shown that the BaP concentration in the air greatly decreased under the shift of fuel from coal to oil during the 1960s and 1970s ( − ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Trends of Particulate Mutagenic Activity in the Atmosphere of Sapporo. 1. Determination of Mutagenic Activity by the Conventional Tester Strains TA98 and TA100 during an 18-Year Period (1974−1992)

Matsumoto

Sakai

Kato

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The Ames Salmonella mutagenicity bioassay using strains TA98 and TA100 of airborne particulates from Sapporo, Japan, was studied over an 18-year period starting in 1974. Measurements of mutagenicity and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), as well as other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbones (PAHs), were performed on organic extracts which were prepared from seasonal particulate composites of high-volume filter samples for each year. The average contribution of BaP to total indirect-acting mutagenic activity was 1.8% for strain TA98 and 3.5% for strain TA100. During the measurement period, BaP concentrations showed a large decline (to 25-20% their initial values), while indirectacting mutagenic activity showed a moderate decline (to 66-50% their initial values) and direct-acting mutagenic activity did not show any clear increase or decrease. This clearly indicates that there was almost no change in the amount of exposure to mutagenic substances as a whole. A qualitative change was clearly seen in mutagens, being indicated by the continuous increase in the ratio of direct-acting to indirect-acting mutagenic activity (-S9/ +S9 ratio) during the sampling period. Furthermore, these results suggest that, in the long term, BaP may not always be an appropriate indicator of the effect of air pollution on human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Trends of Particulate Mutagenic Activity in the Atmosphere of Sapporo. 1. Determination of Mutagenic Activity by the Conventional Tester Strains TA98 and TA100 during an 18-Year Period (1974−1992)

Matsumoto

Sakai

Kato

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The presence of DMN in air up to 36 000 ng/m3 has since been confirmed in four independent studies (5)(6)(7)(8), including three which used GC-MS techniques for positive identification. Because DMN is a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals, its presence as an air pollutant at concentrations in excess of that of other airborne carcinogens, such as benzo(a)pyrene (9), may be cause for concern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of dimethylnitrosamine in air, water, and soil by thermal energy analysis: measurements in Baltimore, Md.

Fine¹,

Rounbehler²,

Rounbehler³

et al. 1977

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…After the 1950s, solvent-extractable methods were adopted as OC measures (typical solvents were propanol, benzene, or water), which obtained a fraction of the PM OC and arose from concerns about potentially carcinogenic polycyclic organic matter (POMs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (Colucci and Begeman, 1965;Hangebrauck et al, 1964;Thomas et al, 1960). Benzene-soluble organics (BSOs) were measured and reported in the 1960s (Faoro, 1975), as this was believed to be one PM component of concern in TSP. BSO was not limited to PAHs, however, and as greater OC speciation was achieved, BSO was abandoned.…”

Section: Particle Size and Mass Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality measurements—From rubber bands to tapping the rainbow

Hidy¹,

Mueller²,

Altshuler

et al. 2017

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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It is axiomatic that good measurements are integral to good public policy for environmental protection. The generalized term for "measurements" includes sampling and quantitation, data integrity, documentation, network design, sponsorship, operations, archiving, and accessing for applications. Each of these components has evolved and advanced over the last 200 years as knowledge of atmospheric chemistry and physics has matured. Air quality was first detected by what people could see and smell in contaminated air. Gaseous pollutants were found to react with certain materials or chemicals, changing the color of dissolved reagents such that their light absorption at selected wavelengths could be related to both the pollutant chemistry and its concentration. Airborne particles have challenged the development of a variety of sensory devices and laboratory assays for characterization of their enormous range of physical and chemical properties. Advanced electronics made possible the sampling, concentration, and detection of gases and particles, both in situ and in laboratory analysis of collected samples. Accurate and precise measurements by these methods have made possible advanced air quality management practices that led to decreasing concentrations over time. New technologies are leading to smaller and cheaper measurement systems that can further expand and enhance current air pollution monitoring networks. Implications: Ambient air quality measurement systems have a large influence on air quality management by determining compliance, tracking trends, elucidating pollutant transport and transformation, and relating concentrations to adverse effects. These systems consist of more than just instrumentation, and involve extensive support efforts for siting, maintenance, calibration, auditing, data validation, data management and access, and data interpretation. These requirements have largely been attained for criteria pollutants regulated by National Ambient Air Quality Standards, but they are rarely attained for nonroutine measurements and research studies.

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Trends in Concentrations of Benzene Soluble Suspended Particulate Fraction and Benzo(a)pyrene

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Long-Term Trends of Particulate Mutagenic Activity in the Atmosphere of Sapporo. 1. Determination of Mutagenic Activity by the Conventional Tester Strains TA98 and TA100 during an 18-Year Period (1974−1992)

Long-Term Trends of Particulate Mutagenic Activity in the Atmosphere of Sapporo. 1. Determination of Mutagenic Activity by the Conventional Tester Strains TA98 and TA100 during an 18-Year Period (1974−1992)

Determination of dimethylnitrosamine in air, water, and soil by thermal energy analysis: measurements in Baltimore, Md.

Air quality measurements—From rubber bands to tapping the rainbow

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