Trends in Competition among Digital Platforms for Shared Mobility: Insights from a Worldwide Census and Prospects for Research

Abstract

Mobility systems in metropolitan areas in both the Global North and the Global South have entered an era of rapid change since the early 2010s under the influence of mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs). Mobile ICT-based shared mobility platforms have been filling some of the gaps in transport supply left by historical modes of transport (i.e., private cars, public transit, and for-hire services). Shared mobility digital platforms are a subcategory of mobility applications that give individual customers direct and full access to one or several shared mobility services. Based on a worldwide systematic census, this paper documents the diversity of services provided by such platforms, then analyzes the trends in geographic distribution and competition among platforms across the world’s metropolises. It proposes a new classification of shared mobility services. Since innovations in shared mobility are also taking a leading place in the Global South, future research avenues in this field are discussed in an effort to break away from the prior focus of the scientific literature on the Global North. The census brings out four original findings. First, the rise of shared mobility digital platforms is a worldwide metropolitan phenomenon transcending the traditional distinction between the Global North and the Global South. Second, emerging countries have become clusters for innovation and competition among platforms. Third, three types of shared mobility digital platforms are identified based on geographic reach (local, regional, or global). Fourth, shared mobility digital platforms providing for-hire services are the most widespread in the world.

Innovations in Shared Mobility—Review of Scientific Works

“…Along with the growing popularity of systems on their market, it was found that, within one city, there could be many service providers providing almost the same service and the same or similar vehicles. This kind of action has led to the phenomenon of growing competition around shared mobility service providers [4]. Growing competition, on the one hand, is a driver for change and, on the other hand, does not guarantee market success for each shared mobility operator on the market.…”

Vehicle-Sharing Services: An Umbrella Review

“…They can be defined by expanding the definition of carsharing established by Ciari et al (2014): vehicle-sharing services provide « a fleet of vehicles that can be shared by several users, who can drive it when they need it, without having to own one ». VSS can be traced back to several decades, mainly in the form of carsharing and stationbased bike-sharing Shaheen and Cohen, 2007;Huré, 2017), and recent years have seen an important development of such systems across the globe: it has been possible to identify more than a hundred vehicle-sharing platforms with more than 100,000 downloads on Google Play as of 2020, with services available on every continent (Boutueil et al, 2022).…”