Trends in Black Swift (Cypseloides niger) breeding phenology, productivity, and nest success in southwest Colorado, 1996–2017

Gunn, Carolyn; Hirshman, Sue E.; Aagaard, Kevin

doi:10.1676/1559-4491-132.2.317

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Observation did not detect a time period in which the chick was inactive long enough to enter/exit torpor, although only readings of core body temperature could prove this. Previous reports of nestling growth and plumage development agree, in general, with the findings in this study (Foerster 1987, Marín 1997b, 1999b, taking into account that nestling growth varies, even among nests at a single colony (Gunn et al 2020).…”

Section: Nestling Development and Fledgingsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The male left the nest the afternoon of 8 September and did not return; the female left the nest 15 minutes after the nestling fledged on 10 September. These dates correlate well with those previously reported for this subspecies in Colorado (Hirshman 1998, Hirshman et al 2007, Gunn et al 2020 and at other locations (Foerster 1987, Campbell et al 1990, Bailey 1993, Marín 1997b, 1999a.…”

Section: Phenologysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A highdefinition multimedia interface (HDMI) cable connected the NVR to an ASUS full HD backlit LED 60 cm monitor (ASUSTek Computer Inc., Taipei, Taiwan) so visitors to the Nature Center could view real-time nest activities (Appendix 2). The system was in place and recording 11 May, before anticipated arrival of Black Swifts at Box Canyon based on previous breeding phenology studies at that colony (Hirshman et al 2007, Gunn et al 2020. Recording ended 15 September 2021, five days after fledging, to ensure we captured last attendance at the nest.…”

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonies occur exclusively near waterfalls and in a few caves where cool, moist conditions provide favorable nesting habitat (Knorr 1961, Foerster 1987, Marín and Stiles 1992, Knorr 1993, Marín 1997b, Levad et al 2008. This long-lived species exhibits strong colony and nest site fidelity (Foerster 1987, Collins and Foerster 1995, Marín 1997b, Hirshman et al 2007, Gunn et al 2020. They produce a single clutch consisting of one egg annually and the breeding season is protracted, on average lasting 89 days from laying to hatching (Gunn et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This long-lived species exhibits strong colony and nest site fidelity (Foerster 1987, Collins and Foerster 1995, Marín 1997b, Hirshman et al 2007, Gunn et al 2020. They produce a single clutch consisting of one egg annually and the breeding season is protracted, on average lasting 89 days from laying to hatching (Gunn et al 2020). Diet consists of aerial insects and ballooning spiders (Marín 1999a, Potter et al 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A surveillance camera reveals season-long nesting activities and behaviors at a nest of the Northern Black Swift (Cypseloides niger borealis)

Gunn¹

2022

JFO

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Section: Nestling Development and Fledgingsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Phenologysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A surveillance camera reveals season-long nesting activities and behaviors at a nest of the Northern Black Swift (Cypseloides niger borealis)

Gunn¹

2022

JFO

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Fully accounting for nest age reduces bias when quantifying nest survival

Weiser

2021

Ornithological Applications

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Accurately measuring nest survival is challenging because nests must be discovered to be monitored, but nests are typically not found on the first day of the nesting interval. Studies of nest survival therefore often monitor a sample that overrepresents older nests. To account for this sampling bias, a daily survival rate (DSR) is estimated and then used to calculate nest survival to the end of the interval. However, estimates of DSR (and thus nest survival) can still be biased if DSR changes with nest age and nests are not found at age 0. Including nest age as a covariate of DSR and carefully considering the method of estimating nest survival can prevent such biases, but many published studies have not fully accounted for changes in DSR with nest age. I used a simulation study to quantify biases in estimates of nest survival resulting from changes in DSR with nest age under a variety of scenarios. I tested four methods of estimating nest survival from the simulated datasets and evaluated the bias and variance of each estimate. Nest survival estimates were often strongly biased when DSR varied with age but DSR was assumed to be constant, as well as when the model included age as a covariate but calculated nest survival from DSR at the mean monitored nest age (the method typically used in previous studies). In contrast, biases were usually avoided when nest survival was calculated as the product of age-specific estimates of DSR across the full nesting interval. However, the unbiased estimates often showed large variance, especially when few nests were found at young ages. Future field studies can maximize the accuracy and precision of nest survival estimates by aiming to find nests at young ages, including age as a covariate in the DSR model, and calculating nest survival as the product of age-specific estimates of DSR when DSR changes with nest age.

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Genetic analyses provide new insight on the mating strategies of the American Black Swift (Cypseloides niger)

Gunn¹,

Potter²,

Fike

et al. 2022

Ibis

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Avian mating strategies play a vital role in the demographic and genetic dynamics of a species and understanding avian reproductive tactics is important to conservation, population management and restoration. Classifications of avian mating strategies have historically been based on direct physical observations and tend to be rigid population-level generalizations that overlook the variations inherent in most ecological systems. Based on limited empirical field observations, the American Black Swift Cypseloides niger borealis is considered to be a socially monogamous species with pair bonds lasting for many years. To test this hypothesis, we collected genomic DNA samples from banded swifts from six American Black Swift colonies in the western United States from 2004 to 2019 and isolated and developed primers for highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and used them to genotype our samples. Our parentage analysis revealed that sampled females never mated with the same male in subsequent years, suggesting that they are not sexually monogamous with a single partner for many years as previously hypothesized.

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Trends in Black Swift (Cypseloides niger) breeding phenology, productivity, and nest success in southwest Colorado, 1996–2017

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

A surveillance camera reveals season-long nesting activities and behaviors at a nest of the Northern Black Swift (Cypseloides niger borealis)

A surveillance camera reveals season-long nesting activities and behaviors at a nest of the Northern Black Swift (Cypseloides niger borealis)

Fully accounting for nest age reduces bias when quantifying nest survival

Genetic analyses provide new insight on the mating strategies of the American Black Swift (Cypseloides niger)

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