Trends in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin from 1973 through 1987

Gallagher, Richard P.; Ma, Becky; McLean, David I.; Yang, Charlie; Ho, Vincent; Carruthers, Jean; Warshawski, Laurence M.

doi:10.1016/0190-9622(90)70234-9

Cited by 240 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The proportion of melanomas on the head/neck is higher than in most other studies (Gallagher et al, 1990;Osterlind, 1990;MacKie et al, 1992). Surprisingly, for a site that is easily observed, 52% of these melanomas are thick.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Northern Ireland

Pedlow

Walsh²,

Patterson³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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Summary The results of two 5-year studies, for 1974-78 and 1984-88, of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Northern Ireland show changes in the presentation of the disease. Although there is some evidence of earlier diagnosis, the rise in incidence has produced an overall increase in the number of cases with advanced disease.Keywords: cutaneous malignant melanoma; epidemiology; histopathology As the incidence of melanoma continues to rise worldwide, the importance of early diagnosis is underlined. Collection of complete and accurate data is essential to the study of changes in presentation. A baseline study in Northern Ireland looked at all histopathologically confirmed cases of invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) occurring during the 5-year period 1974-78 (Gordon and Lowry, 1986a). The majority of these presented with thick, advanced melanomas. The follow-up study confirmed a low 5-year survival rate of 54% (Gordon et al, 1991). The present study repeats the first study as closely as possible for 1984-88. The clinical and pathological presentation of cases for 1984-88 are reported and changes in the pattern of CMM are identified. MATERIALS AND METHODSNorthern Ireland lies between latitudes 54 and 56 degrees north. It has a maritime climate with a daily mean of 3.6 h of sunshine. The population was relatively stable at just over 1.5 million during the study period.Comprehensive lists of all histopathologically confirmed melanomas were obtained from the pathology departments in Northern Ireland, giving a total of 774 cases. For both studies, it is considered that very few cases of melanoma would escape histopathological confirmation in the province. RESULTSThere were 240 cases of invasive CMM for 1974-78 (62 men and 178 women) and 487 for 1984-88 (154 men and 333 women). Between the two periods, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in agestandardized incidence is observed from 3.18 to 6.09 per 100 000 population (men 1.68-3.91, women 4.64-8.19). The female-male ratio has fallen from 2.8: 1 to 2.1:1. Age Melanoma incidence increases with age (Figure 1), and incidence rates have increased across all age groups between the studies. SiteThere is no significant change in overall site distribution between the studies. Between the sexes, however, there are significant difference in site distribution both for 1974-78 (P < 0.005) and for 1984-88 (P < 0.0001), with the head/neck remaining the most common site for men and the leg for women (Table 1). The increase in numbers is greatest for the female leg and the male trunk. The 1984-88 study notes differences in distribution between the sexes for melanomas at subsites on the limbs (excluding the foot). On the upper limb, the forearm-upper arm ratio of lesions is 1.2:1 for women whereas for men the ratio is 3: 1. In contrast, melanomas on the leg in men are divided equally between the thigh and lower leg, while for women melanomas are five times more common on the lower than the upper leg.Tumour type There has been a significant change in tumour type distribution be...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Northern Ireland

Pedlow

Walsh²,

Patterson³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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“…Although acral distribution is well known in blacks, ranging between 50% and 69% [7,9] and in Orientals, reaching up to 35% [28], our figure of 81.3% is much higher. In Caucasians, trunk, head, and lower limb distribution are much more common [1,2,12,13] and acral distribution of MM ranges between 6% and 10% [1,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer among white populations [1][2][3][4][5][6] compared to black and dark skinned populations [1,[7][8][9][10]. There have been indications of increased incidence of skin cancer in international literature [2,4,[11][12][13]. Exposure to sunlight [4,5,11,14] and the fair color of the skin are thought to be important contributing factors in the most common types of primary malignant skin tumors [1][2][3][4][5]11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Pattern of Malignant Skin Tumors in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Bahamdan¹,

Morad

1993

Ann Saudi Med

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The current study describes the pattern of malignant skin tumors in 137 cases seen in Asir Central Hospital histopathology laboratory over a five year period (1987 to 1991). Ninety percent (90.5%) were Saudis and the mean age was 61.0 years with a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of skin cancer presenting (41.6%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (36.5%), and then malignant melanoma (11.7%). Ninety-eight percent of basal cell carcinoma cases occurred on the head, compared to only 47.4% of squamous cell carcinoma; and 24.6% of squamous cell carcinoma cases occurred in the lower limbs. Eighty-seven pecent (87.6%) of malignant melanoma cases occurred in the extremities. The distribution of the other types of malignant skin tumors are also discussed. Our findings were compared with the very few studies from the Kingdom and other parts of the world. Ann Saudi Med 1993;13(5):402-406. Region, Saudi Arabia. 1993; 13(5): 402-406 Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer among white populations [1][2][3][4][5][6] compared to black and dark skinned populations [1,[7][8][9][10]. There have been indications of increased incidence of skin cancer in international literature [2,4,[11][12][13]. Exposure to sunlight [4,5,11,14] and the fair color of the skin are thought to be important contributing factors in the most common types of primary malignant skin tumors [1][2][3][4][5]11]. In comparison to other malignant tumors, skin cancer has the great advantage of early recognition, as it appears in most cases as an easily recognizable skin lesion. KA Bahamdan, NA Morad, Pattern of Malignant Skin Tumors in AsirThe current study is the first to describe the pattern of skin cancer in the Asir region and to the best of our knowledge, there has been no detailed recently published study about malignant skin tumors in the Kingdom other than the preliminary study of the solar radiation effects on skin cancer in the proceedings at the first conference on biological aspects in Saudi Arabia at Riyadh, 1977 [15]. Many published studies have described the pattern of malignant tumors in general, indicating the order, frequency, percent, or only the number of skin cancer cases and several studies showed low frequencies of skin cancer in Saudi Arabia [16][17][18][19][20][21]. This can be explained by the fact that these studies were done in large referral centers in major cities where life-threatening malignant tumors are treated, which usually need radio and chemotherapy facilities; whereas most malignant skin tumors can be treated surgically in many hospitals which have no such facilities. Other studies have shown high frequencies of primary skin cancer [15,[22][23][24], which were done in regional central hospitals such as King Fahad Hospital in Al Baha and Asir Central Hospital [22,23].One hundred and thirty-seven patients with primary malignant skin tumors were analyzed in our study. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate and describe the pattern of malignant skin tumors in the Asir regi...

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“…Several studies have shown a recent increase in incidence (Fears and Scotto 1982; Levi et al, 1988;Gallagher et al, 1990;Coebergh et al, 1991;Ko et al, 1994). The head and neck are the most affected sites, accounting for around 70% of all cases (Levi et al, 1988;Gallagher et al, 1990;Coebergh et al, 1991). Several therapeutic modalities are used to treat this neoplasm: radiotherapy, excisional surgery, Mohs surgery, electrodesiccation with curettage and cryosurgery.…”

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confidence: 99%

Basal cell carcinoma of the face: surgery or radiotherapy? Results of a randomized study

Avril

Aupérin²,

Margulis³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

289

174

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Summary Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are very frequent cutaneous cancers, often located on the face. Cure rates with surgery and radiotherapy are high, but these treatments have never been compared prospectively. A randomized trial was initiated in 1982 to compare surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of primary BCC of the face measuring less than 4 cm. The primary end point was the failure rate (persistent or recurrent disease) after 4 years of follow-up. The secondary end point was the cosmetic results assessed by the patient, the dermatologist and three persons not involved in the trial. In the course of the trial, 347 patients were treated. Of the 174 patients in the surgery group, 71% had local anaesthesia and 91% frozen section examination. Of the 173 patients in the radiotherapy group, 55% were treated with interstitial brachytherapy, 33% with contactherapy and 12% with conventional radiotherapy. The 4-year actuarial failure rate (95% Cl) was 0.7% (0.1-3.9%) in the surgery group compared with 7.5% (4.2-13.1%) in the radiotherapy group (log-rank P= 0.003). The cosmetic results assessed by four of the five judges were significantly better after surgery than after radiotherapy. Eighty-seven per cent of the surgery-treated patients and 69% of the radiation-treated patients considered the cosmetic result as good (P < 0.01). Thus, in the treatment of BCC of the face of less than 4 cm in diameter, surgery should be preferred to radiotherapy.

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Trends in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin from 1973 through 1987

Cited by 240 publications

References 8 publications

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Northern Ireland

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Northern Ireland

Pattern of Malignant Skin Tumors in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Basal cell carcinoma of the face: surgery or radiotherapy? Results of a randomized study

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