Trends in Automation

Terwiesch, Peter; Ganz, Christopher

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_8

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…First, the actual automation of the manufacturing systems in the factory (the physical process), replaces human muscle power and this is referred to as mechanization. Second, the application of computers or information technology to transform data and manage information to control physical processes substitutes or augments cognitive tasks, which is referred to as computerization (Terwiesch & Ganz, 2009). Depending on the level of automation, computerization is transferring control, regulating and decision-making from humans to technical systems (Frohm & Bellgran, 2005).…”

Section: Work Design and Technology In Industrial Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work design in future industrial production: Transforming towards cyber-physical systems

Waschull

Bokhorst

Molleman

et al. 2020

Computers & Industrial Engineering

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Rapid advancements in an array of digital technologies and applications promote the transformation of industrial production into cyber-physical systems (CPS). This process is projected to lead to a completely new level of process automation, thereby redefining the role of humans and altering current work designs in yet unknown ways. However, existing literature is rather ambiguous and not explicit on how the transformation towards CPS affects work design. In this study, we therefore consider this transformation at a much more detailed level. Our main contribution is the development of a framework to assess work design changes in the transformation towards CPS, and the consideration of the role of management choice therein. The framework relates (future) capabilities of CPS on the machine, production line, factory and supply chain scope to functions of human information processing. We then evaluate how the potential automation or augmentation of those functions by CPS affects job characteristics. Automation in this context is defined as the transfer of control and decisionmaking from humans to CPS, while augmentation means that technology is used to enhance human productivity or capability. We expect that the transformation towards CPS and the resulting automation and augmentation of tasks will shift the majority of human work to jobs characterized by high levels of job complexity, job autonomy and skill variety. This effect will become more severe when tasks are increasingly automated in the transformation towards CPS. During this development, human skills and knowledge will presumably remain critical in near future industrial production. Nevertheless, the ultimate implications for work design are strongly dependent on management choice. Strategic decisions are required on (1) which functions to automate across different scopes of operations and (2) how to group the resulting pool of tasks into jobs. This may result in various work designs. However, this choice is to a certain degree limited, and the role of technology is to restrict, rather than determine management choice.what exactly leads to variations in these work designs (Parker, Morgeson, & Johns, 2017). One source of variation stems from the implementation of innovative digital technologies in industrial production, linked to the concept of Industry 4.0 (Hirsch-Kreinsen, 2016;Hirsch-Kreinsen & Ten Hompel, 2015). Industry 4.0 is an umbrella term comprising an array of different high-tech technologies and is characterized by Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in the context of industrial production (Colombo, Karnouskos, Kaynak, Shi, & Yin, 2017;Hermann, Pentek, & Otto, 2016).In essence, CPS are systems of interconnected physical and computational objects, resulting in a close coupling of the cyber and physical contexts (Lee, Bagheri, & Kao, 2015). In industrial production, this means that physical objects, such as machines or products, are integrated with computational components. As a consequence, CPS are

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Section: Work Design and Technology In Industrial Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work design in future industrial production: Transforming towards cyber-physical systems

Waschull

Bokhorst

Molleman

et al. 2020

Computers & Industrial Engineering

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“…With transformation to distributed and autonomous e-Systems supporting the aforementioned e-Activities, cyber-security of information, computer, and communication systems is now a crucial challenge for emerging e-Work, e-Business, and e-Service. For instance, denial-of-service attacks influencing the financial systems of a company or even a country's infrastructure through spyware or phishing attacks (Terwiesch and Ganz, 2009) impose significant damages and losses to the system. Another vital example is network security in wireless sensor networks, operating in hostile environments (e.g., battlefields).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Trends and Research Challenges

Nof

Ceroni

Jeong

et al. 2015

Revolutionizing Collaboration Through E-Work, E-Business, and E-Service

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Abstract.The methods by which distributed agents, from micro-and nanosensors to computers, machines, humans, and enterprises, interact and collaborate are being rapidly transformed. The concepts, theoretical foundations, and applications of collaborative e-Work discussed in this book are both enablers and direct results of automation of collaborative processes, activities, and interactions among the distributed entities. The future of production and service systems depends highly on the effective design and engineering of collaborative e-Work, and their integration into their design, i.e., automated and collaborative systems. The principles, models, and techniques of CCT, the Collaborative Control Theory (Nof, 2007), as explained in the previous chapters, provide insights for design, and supports execution and control through optimized e-Activities. The future challenges are also concerned with the evaluation and assessment of new e-Criteria, such as integrity, viability, collaboration-ability, survivability, and so on. This chapter summarizes and briefly discusses the emerging trends and challenges of next generation e-Work, e-Business, and e-Service systems (simply e-Systems) from a variety of perspectives. The objective is to bring up new open questions and research challenges, and provide organized insights for future research and development. Computer and Communication SecurityEmerging e-Systems call for higher levels of dependability and security, enabled by structured backup and recovery mechanisms for information, computer, and communication systems. The focus should be on preventing and eliminating any conceivable errors, failures, and conflicts, and sustaining critical continuity of operations. The critical dimensions of risk are mainly concerned with privacy invasion, electronic surveillance, accuracy and integrity, intellectual and physical property protection, accessibility issues, and confidentiality. Following the trends towards highly distributed and networked computer and information systems, security is being enabled by autonomous agents. Examples include 1) self-and

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