Trends in Authorship of Original Scientific Articles in Journal of Glaucoma: An Analysis of 25 Years Since the Initiation of the Journal

Chien, Jason L; Wu, Bernie P; Nayer, Zacharia; Grits, Daniel; Rodriguez, Geoffrey; Gu, Alex; Ghassibi, Mark P.; Chien, Gwo-Farn; Oliveira, Cristiano Aguiar de; Stamper, Robert L.; Tassel, Sarah H. Van; Muylaert, Stephanie

doi:10.1097/ijg.0000000000001503

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our findings for review papers are in good agreement with other studies that have variously investigated authorship of original articles, brief reports, and editorials in ophthalmology journals over recent timespans of 5 to 30 years. 10 – 15 In all instances, the proportion of first and last-named women authors increased over time, more so for first than senior authors, but was always less than 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Limited comparable literature exists, but others have also found a preponderance of men's authorship on articles dealing with glaucoma. 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strength of this study was that, using multiple search strategies, the gender of first and senior authors was able to be assigned unequivocally for 96% of the articles first considered for examination. Other studies that have relied largely on web-based inference tools for gender identification 10 , 13 , 15 have generally been unable to match this level. However, limitations of our work include our focus on binary categorization of gender as either a woman or a man, 1 and on gender determination for first-named and last-named authors only, in the case of multiauthored reviews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 6 – 9 Articles addressing gender disparity in the authorship of original articles and editorials in journals with an ophthalmic focus have also concluded that women are in a minority, but that their contributions are increasing over time. 10 – 15 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein, we aimed to document changes in gender disparity in the authorship of review articles over the significant timeframe of 20 years. Given previous publications have identified gender inequality in different subspecialty areas of ophthalmology 13 , 15 and in the country of origin of publication, 12 we also examined the subspecialty and origin of each review.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women's Authorship of Reviews in Ophthalmic Journals Over Time

Gertig

Keane

Matthews

et al. 2021

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To investigate prevalence and trends in women's authorship of articles in ophthalmic review journals over 2 decades. Design: Literature survey. Methods: Total number of authors, and number and gender of first and senior (last-named) authors, were identified in all full reviews published in Prog Retin Eye Res , Surv Ophthalmol, and Curr Opin Ophthalmol for the calendar years 1999, 2009, and 2019. The gender of authors was assigned manually by multiple methods. The subspecialty area of each review was captured by keyword and text search. Country of origin was determined from attributions of first and senior authors. Results: The gender of 841 first and senior authors was assigned unequivocally for 471 articles (96%). The frequency of women's authorship rose significantly over time (1999, 2009, 2019) for both first authors (19%, 32%, 44%; P < 0.001) and senior authors (16%, 19%, 29%; P = 0.018). The number of single-author reviews decreased significantly over time ( P < 0.001), as did the proportion of reviews with neither a first nor a senior woman author ( P < 0.001). Women's first authorship increased over time for reviews on glaucoma ( P < 0.001), while women's senior authorship increased for anterior segment/cataract ( P = 0.036). The proportion of reviews with a woman first or senior author did not differ by country of origin ( P = 0.887 and P = 0.520, respectively). Conclusions: Women's authorship of articles in ophthalmic review journals increased significantly over the 20-year period, but a gender disparity remained: in 2019, more than 55% of first authors, and more than 70% of senior authors, were men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Limited comparable literature exists, but others have also found a preponderance of men's authorship on articles dealing with glaucoma. 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Women's Authorship of Reviews in Ophthalmic Journals Over Time

Gertig

Keane

Matthews

et al. 2021

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology

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Sex Disparities in Ophthalmology From Training Through Practice

Rousta,

Hussein,

Kohly

2024

JAMA Ophthalmol

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ImportanceSex-based research in medicine has revealed inequities against females on almost every metric at almost every career stage; ophthalmology is no exception.ObjectiveTo systematically review the experiences of females in ophthalmology (FiO) from training through practice in high-income countries (HICs).Evidence ReviewA systematic review of English-language studies, published between January 1990 and May 2022, relating to FiO in HICs was performed. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase electronic databases were searched, as well as the Journal of Academic Ophthalmology as it was not indexed in the searched databases. Studies were organized by theme at each career stage, starting in medical school when an interest in ophthalmology is expressed, and extending up to retirement.FindingsA total of 91 studies, 87 cross-sectional and 4 cohort, were included. In medical school, mentorship and recruitment of female students into ophthalmology was influenced by sex bias, with fewer females identifying with ophthalmologist mentors and gender stereotypes perpetuated in reference letters written by both male and female referees. In residency, females had unequal learning opportunities, with lower surgical case volumes than male trainees and fewer females pursued fellowships in lucrative subspecialties. In practice, female ophthalmologists had lower incomes, less academic success, and poorer representation in leadership roles. Female ophthalmologists had a greater scholarly impact factor than their male counterparts, but this was only after approximately 30 years of publication experience. Pervasive throughout all stages of training and practice was the experience of greater sexual harassment among females from both patients and colleagues. Despite these disparities, some studies found that females reported equal overall career satisfaction rating with males in ophthalmology, whereas others suggested higher burnout rates.Conclusions and RelevanceOphthalmology is approaching sex parity, however, the increase in the proportion of females in ophthalmology had not translated to an increase in female representation in leadership positions. Sex disparities persisted across many domains including recruitment, training, practice patterns, academic productivity, and income. Interventions may improve sex equity in the field.

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