Trends in antibiotic resistance among major bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures tested at a large private laboratory network in India, 2008–2014

Gandra, Sumanth; Mojica, Nestor; Klein, Eili Y.; Ashok, Ashvin; Nerurkar, Vidya; Kumari, Mamta; Ramesh, Uma; Dey, Sunanda; Vadwai, Viral; Das, Bibhu R.; Laxminarayan, Ramanan

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.08.002

Cited by 113 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our study revealed that colistin, the last resort antibiotic, was the most active antimicrobial agent against majority of Gram-negative bacteria, although colistin-resistant pathogens including K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were detected. In addition to colistin, the antibiotics that were being commonly used previously, such as chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole had relatively higher antimicrobial efficacy, which is in consistence with a single-center study in India [12]. These changes are likely due to the replacement of these drugs as an empiric treatment option for infectious diseases with newer drugs such as aminoglycosides, macrolides and β-lactams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Understanding how resistance is changing over time is important for (1) establishing prescribing guidelines, (2) determining investment in new therapies, and (3) improving the targeting of campaigns to reduce antimicrobial resistance. It also provides a baseline for future analysis and comparison with other countries [12]. Studying resistance genes that cause antibiotic resistance and the plasmids that transfer such resistance genes, and other mechanisms that lead to antibiotic resistance will help to generate new ideas, which in turn may lead to control the spread of resistance by targeting the resistance genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Situation of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh and its association with resistance genes for horizontal transfer

Safain

Bhuyan

Tasnim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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2The study investigated the spectrum of antibiotic resistance and the associated genes for 3 aminoglycoside, macrolide and ESBL class of antibiotics using clinical isolates. A total of 430 4 preserved bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumannii, n= 20; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n= 26; 5 Klebsiella pneumoniae, n= 42; E.coli, n= 85; Staphylococcus aureus, n= 84; Salmonella Typhi, 6 n= 82; Enterococcus spp., n= 27; Streptococcus pneumoniae, n= 36 and CNS, n= 28) were 7 examined. The strains were isolated from patients admitted to various tertiary hospitals of Dhaka 8 city between 2015 and 2019 with either acute respiratory infections, wound infections, typhoid 9 fever or diarrhea. The isolates were reconfirmed by appropriate microbiological and biochemical 10 methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion approach. 11PCR amplification using resistance gene-specific primers for aminoglycoside, macrolide and 12 ESBL class of antibiotics was done and the amplified products were confirmed by Sanger 13 sequencing. Of the total isolates, 53% came out as MDR with 96.6% of E. coli and 90% of 14 Staphylococcus aureus. There was a year-wise gradual increase of MDR isolates from 2015-2018 15 and by 2019 the increase in MDR isolates became almost 2-fold compared to 2015. Among the 16 five ESBL genes investigated, CTXM-1 came out as the most prevalent (63%) followed by NDM-17 1 (22%) and E. coli isolates were the predominant reservoir of these genes. ErmB (55%) was the 18 most frequently detected macrolide resistance gene, whereas aac(6)-Ib (35.44%) was the most 19 prevalent aminoglycoside resistance gene and these genes were most prevalent in E. coli and P. 20 aeruginosa isolates, respectively. CTXM-1 and ErmB (16.66%) were the most frequent partners 21 of coexistence followed by CTXM-1 and aac(3)-II.22 24 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a very challenging problem worldwide. Solving the 25 AMR problem should be the priority of global efforts. Nosocomial infections have been 26 recognized as the hub for thriving multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. It is estimated that around 27 8.7% of the hospitalized patients worldwide develop nosocomial infections which is the leading 28 cause of surgical failure, transplant rejection, treatment failure, increased costs and even deaths 29 [1]. Numerous reports suggest that absolute numbers of infections due to resistant microbes are 30 increasing globally [2-4]. It is conservatively estimated that at least 2 million illnesses and 23,000 31 deaths had been caused by antibiotic resistant organisms per year in the USA [5]. The present trend 32 predicts that infections by resistant bacterial pathogens may cause up to 10 million deaths/year -33 more than any other causes -by 2050 and like the most global issues, the problem is inequitably 34 distributed, with approximately 90% of the predicted deaths are estimated to happen in Asia and 35 Africa [6]. Additionally, treatment of the patients infected with resistant pathogens is associated 36 with...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situation of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh and its association with resistance genes for horizontal transfer

Safain

Bhuyan

Tasnim

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Resistance rates are even higher in eastern and southern Europe, Latin America, and many Asian countries. Overall, the proportion of global XDR strains of A. baumannii has increased from Ͻ4% in 2000 to Ͼ60%, while the proportion of XDR strains of A. baumannii in some regional nosocomial settings has more recently approached 90% (27,31,35,42,43,(183)(184)(185)(186)(187)(188)(189)(190).…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance Drives Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Acinetobacter is a complex genus, and historically, there has been confusion about the existence of multiple species. The species commonly cause nosocomial infections, predominantly aspiration pneumonia and catheter-associated bacteremia, but can also cause soft tissue and urinary tract infections. Community-acquired infections by Acinetobacter spp. are increasingly reported. Transmission of Acinetobacter and subsequent disease is facilitated by the organism's environmental tenacity, resistance to desiccation, and evasion of host immunity. The virulence properties demonstrated by Acinetobacter spp. primarily stem from evasion of rapid clearance by the innate immune system, effectively enabling high bacterial density that triggers lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sepsis. Capsular polysaccharide is a critical virulence factor that enables immune evasion, while LPS triggers septic shock. However, the primary driver of clinical outcome is antibiotic resistance. Administration of initially effective therapy is key to improving survival, reducing 30-day mortality threefold. Regrettably, due to the high frequency of this organism having an extreme drug resistance (XDR) phenotype, early initiation of effective therapy is a major clinical challenge. Given its high rate of antibiotic resistance and abysmal outcomes (up to 70% mortality rate from infections caused by XDR strains in some case series), new preventative and therapeutic options for Acinetobacter spp. are desperately needed.

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“…Especially in India, the situation is quite alarming. Crude infectious disease mortality rate in India today is 416.75 per 100,000 persons and is twice the rate prevailing in the United States when antibiotics were introduced . In the past one and half decades, tuberculosis (TB) has been recurred as one of the foremost causes of human death worldwide (nearly 3 million deaths per year).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial and antitubercular evaluation of dihydronaphthalenone‐indole hybrid analogs

Kumar

et al. 2017

Chem Biol Drug Des

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A new series of indole appended dihydronaphthalenone hybrid analogs (5a-t) have been synthesized through the Lewis acid catalyzed Michael addition of indoles to the arylidene/hetero arylidene ketones. All the synthesized derivatives are well characterized through the H-NMR, C-NMR, HRMS spectroscopic techniques, compound 5r was further confirmed through single crystal X-ray analysis and screened for antibacterial and antitubercular activities. Among the synthesized compounds, the minimum inhibition concentration of 5l (against Escherichia coli) and 5o & 5p (against E. coli & Staphylococcus aureus) was found to be as low as 3.12 μg/ml as compared to the standard antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin 2.5 μg/ml. In antitubercular activity, compounds 5o and 5p with minimum inhibition concentration 6.25 μg/ml were found to be comparable with that of the drugs Pyrazinamide 5 μg/ml and Streptomycin 5 μg/ml. Compounds 5i, 5j, 5m, 5n, 5q, and 5r also showed promising activity against group of organisms tested.

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Trends in antibiotic resistance among major bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures tested at a large private laboratory network in India, 2008–2014

Cited by 113 publications

References 22 publications

Situation of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh and its association with resistance genes for horizontal transfer

Situation of antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh and its association with resistance genes for horizontal transfer

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

Antibacterial and antitubercular evaluation of dihydronaphthalenone‐indole hybrid analogs

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