Trends in ammonia measurements in the Netherlands over the period 1993–2014

Zanten, M.C. van; Kruit, R.J. Wichink; Hoogerbrugge, R; Swaluw, E. van der; Pul, W.A.J. van

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.007

Cited by 44 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The improvement in correlation between measured and modelled NH 3 concentrations for this subset of sites can be explained by the monitoring locations typically being further away from sources, so that uncertainties in local emission estimates are to some extent averaged out. This observation is also consistent with the findings of Vieno et al (2009).…”

Section: Spatial Variability In Nh 3 and Nh + 4 Concentrations In Relsupporting

confidence: 93%

Author response to reviewer 2

Braban¹

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A unique long-term dataset from the UK National Ammonia Monitoring Network (NAMN) is used here to assess spatial, seasonal and long-term variability in atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 : 1998(NH 3 : -2014 and particulate ammonium (NH + 4 : 1999(NH + 4 : -2014 across the UK. Extensive spatial heterogeneity in NH 3 concentrations is observed, with lowest annual mean concentrations at remote sites (< 0.2 µg m −3 ) and highest in the areas with intensive agriculture (up to 22 µg m −3 ), while NH + 4 concentrations show less spatial variability (e.g. range of 0.14 to 1.8 µg m −3 annual mean in 2005). Temporally, NH 3 concentrations are influenced by environmental conditions and local emission sources. In particular, peak NH 3 concentrations are observed in summer at background sites (defined by 5 km grid average NH 3 emissions < 1 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) and in areas dominated by sheep farming, driven by increased volatilization of NH 3 in warmer summer temperatures. In areas where cattle, pig and poultry farming is dominant, the largest NH 3 concentrations are in spring and autumn, matching periods of manure application to fields. By contrast, peak concentrations of NH + 4 aerosol occur in spring, associated with long-range transboundary sources. An estimated decrease in NH 3 emissions by 16 % between 1998 and 2014 was reported by the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory. Annually averaged NH 3 data from NAMN sites operational over the same period (n = 59) show an indicative downward trend, although the reduction in NH 3 concentrations is smaller and nonsignificant: Mann-Kendall (MK), −6.3 %; linear regression (LR), −3.1 %. In areas dominated by pig and poultry farming, a significant reduction in NH 3 concentrations between 1998 and 2014 (MK: −22 %; LR: −21 %, annually averaged NH 3 ) is consistent with, but not as large as the decrease in estimated NH 3 emissions from this sector over the same period (−39 %). By contrast, in cattle-dominated areas there is a slight upward trend (non-significant) in NH 3 concentrations (MK: +12 %; LR: +3.6 %, annually averaged NH 3 ), despite the estimated decline in NH 3 emissions from this sector since 1998 (−11 %). At background and sheep-dominated sites, NH 3 concentrations increased over the monitoring period. These increases (non-significant) at background (MK: +17 %; LR: +13 %, annually averaged data) and sheep-dominated sites (MK: +15 %; LR: +19 %, annually averaged data) would be consistent with the concomitant reduction in SO 2 emissions over the same period, leading to a longer atmospheric lifetime of NH 3 , thereby increasing NH 3 concentrations in remote areas. The observations for NH 3 concentrations not decreasing as fast as estimated emission trends are consistent with a larger downward trend in annual particulate NH + 4 concentrations (1999-2014: MK: −47 %; LR: −49 %, p < 0.01, n = 23), associated with a lower formation of particulate NH + 4 in the atmosphere from gas phase NH 3 .

show abstract

Section: Spatial Variability In Nh 3 and Nh + 4 Concentrations In Relsupporting

confidence: 93%

Author response to reviewer 2

Braban¹

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A similar picture is reported by the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network (van Zanten et al, 2017), with large spatial variability of NH3 concentrations (2 -20 µg NH3 m -3 ) across the country and a more homogeneous distribution of particulate NH4 + (1-2 µg NH4 + m -3 in 2014), although the number of Dutch monitoring sites reported there is much smaller 35 with only 8 stations providing continuous measurements. Both NH3 and NH4 + concentrations were correlated with emission density, but the correlation was smaller for NH4 + than for NH3 because of the larger contribution to NH4 + concentrations from long-range transport in the Netherlands.…”

Section: <Insert Figure 4>supporting

confidence: 81%

“…For example, for 2008 the FRAME model underestimated NH4 + at concentrations < 0.7 µg NH4 + m -3 (slope 1.2, intercept 0.26 µg -3 ; R 2 = 0.89, range = 0.2 -1.4 µg m -3 ). Changes in the 25 chemical climate, such as reduced emissions of SO2 in the UK, are postulated to affect conversion rates of NH3 into NH4 + , as well as the dry deposition rates, leading to more NH3 remaining in the atmosphere (van Zanten et al, 2017). This is discussed further in Sect.…”

Section: <Insert Figure 6>mentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Drivers for spatial, temporal and long-term trends in atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in the UK

Tang¹,

Braban²,

Dragosits³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A unique long-term dataset from the UK National Ammonia Monitoring Network (NAMN) is used here to assess spatial, seasonal and long-term variability in atmospheric ammonia (NH3: 1998(NH3: -2014 and particulate ammonium (NH4 + : 1999-2014) across the UK. Extensive spatial heterogeneity in NH3 concentrations is observed, with lowest annual mean 15 concentrations at remote sites (< 0.2 µg m -3 ) and highest in the areas with intensive agriculture (up to 22 µg m -3 ), while NH4 + concentrations show less spatial variability (e.g. range of 0.14 to 1.8 g m -3 annual mean in 2005). Temporally, NH3 concentrations are influenced by environmental conditions and local emission sources. In particular, peak NH3 concentrations are observed in summer at background sites (defined by 5 km grid average NH3 emissions <1 kg N ha -1 y -1 ) and in areas dominated by sheep farming, driven by increased volatilization of NH3 in warmer summer temperatures. In areas where cattle, 20 pig and poultry farming is dominant, the largest NH3 concentrations are in spring and autumn, matching periods of manure application to fields. By contrast, peak concentrations of NH4 + aerosol occur in spring, associated with long-range transboundary sources. An estimated decrease in NH3 emissions by 16 % between 1998 and 2014 was reported by the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory. Annually averaged NH3 data from NAMN sites operational over the same period (n = 59) show an indicative downward trend, although the reduction in NH3 concentrations is smaller and non-significant (6.3 25 % (Mann-Kendall, MK); 3.1 % (linear regression, LR)). In areas dominated by pig and poultry farming, a significant reduction in NH3 concentrations between 1998 and 2014 (22 % (MK); 21 % (LR): annually averaged NH3) is consistent with, but not as large as the decrease in estimated NH3 emissions from this sector over the same period (39 %). By contrast, in cattle-dominated areas there is a slight upward trend (non-significant) in NH3 concentrations (+ 12%, (MK); + 3.6% (LR): annually averaged NH3), despite the estimated decline in NH3 emissions from this sector since 1998 (11%). At background 30 and sheep dominated sites, NH3 concentrations increased over the monitoring period. These increases (non-significant) at background (+17 % (MK); +13 % (LR): annually averaged data) and sheep dominated sites (+15 % (MK); +19 % (LR): annually averaged data) would be consistent with the concomitant reduction in SO2 emissions over the same period, leading to a longer atmospheric lifetime of NH3, thereby increasing NH3 concentrations in remote areas. The observations for NH3 concentrations not decreasing as fast as estimated emission trends are consistent with a larger downward trend in annual 35 particulate NH4 + concentrations (1999-2014: 47 % (MK); 49 % (LR), p < 0.01, n = 23), associated with a slower formation of particulate NH4 + in the atmosphere from gas-phase NH3. Although this demonstrates that there is currently no strong commitment to reduce NH3 emissions compared wit...

show abstract

“…A more detailed delineation of the emission sources is provided in Table S1. The ambient NH 3 concentrations in the atmosphere were generally correlated with nearby NH 3 emissions (Tang et al, ; Van Zanten et al, ). The QUE site that had the highest measured NH 3 concentrations is located in the New York City metropolitan area (Queens County), had the highest population density (Masiol et al, ), and had the highest in‐county emissions and emission density.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Ammonia Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Zhou

Holsen

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia (NH3) was monitored at four locations (two urban and two rural) across New York State from April 2016 to October 2017 using active and passive systems. The two rural sites were Pinnacle State Park (PIN) and the Village of Potsdam, and the two urban sites were the City of Rochester and Queens College in New York City. Active and passive concentrations were well correlated across all sites (r2 = 0.866), but the active systems measured 6.2% higher NH3 concentrations. The mean (±SD) NH3 concentrations measured using active systems in Queens College, City of Rochester, Village of Potsdam, and PIN were 3.22 ± 2.23, 2.84 ± 1.91, 1.29 ± 1.12, and 0.82 ± 0.64 ppb, respectively. Ambient NH3 concentrations varied with diel vehicular and seasonal agricultural activities. NH3 concentrations at the urban sites had lower seasonal variability than the rural sites. NH3 concentrations were generally related to regional and in‐state NH3 emissions although less regional influence was observed at the urban sites. Local NH3 source directions were identified using conditional bivariate probability function. The urban sites were affected by local NH3 sources such as vehicular emissions and urban population centers. Likely distant NH3 source locations affecting the four sites were identified using simplified quantitative transport bias analysis model. Rural sites were more highly affected by transported NH3. Midwestern and Atlantic were major NH3 source areas. NH3 emissions from the south of PIN were probably due to the use of diesel trucks and other diesel engines in the hydraulic fracturing industry in Pennsylvania near the New York State border.

show abstract

Trends in ammonia measurements in the Netherlands over the period 1993–2014

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

Author response to reviewer 2

Author response to reviewer 2

Drivers for spatial, temporal and long-term trends in atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in the UK

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About