Trends in aerosol nutrient solubility along a west–east transect of the Saharan dust plume

Baker, Alex R.; French, Megan; Linge, Kathryn L.

doi:10.1029/2005gl024764

Cited by 129 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is likely that mineral aerosols are less soluble than other sources of phosphorus (e.g. Mahowald et al 2008), but there may be atmospheric processing by acids of phosphorus to make it more soluble (Baker et al 2006b;Nenes et al 2011). Estimates of phosphate deposition are limited by shortage of measurements of phosphorus and phosphate, as well as limitations in the understanding of the atmospheric phosphorus cycling (e.g.…”

Section: Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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Section: Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

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“…One quarter of each filter was extracted in ultrapure water using 1 hour of ultrasonic agitation and major ions determined by ion chromatography . A separate quarter was similarly extracted with 1 mM NaHCO 3 buffer (pH 7) for determination of soluble Si (Baker et al 2006a). Throughout the sampling and analyses, appropriate blank and quality control procedures were used (Spokes et al, 2001;Baker et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Atmospheric Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with an assumed Si solubility (Sol Si ) of 0.3 % (Baker et al, 2006a) and assuming the abundance of Si in (A Si ) dust to be 30 wt %. :…”

Section: Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved iron in the vicinity of the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean

Planquette

Statham

Fones

et al. 2007

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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The annual phytoplankton bloom occurring north of the Crozet Plateau provides a rare opportunity to examine the hypothesis that natural iron fertilisation can alleviate HNLC conditions normally associated with the Southern Ocean. Therefore, during CROZEX, a large multidisciplinary study performed between November 2004 and January 2005, measurements of total dissolved iron (DFe, 0.2 m) were made on seawater from around the islands and atmospheric iron deposition estimated from rain and aerosol samples. waters. Enrichment of dissolved iron (>1 nM) at close proximity to the islands suggests that the plateau and the associated sediments are a source of iron. Waters further north also appear to be affected by this input of coastal and shelf origin, although dissolved iron concentrations decrease as a function of distance to the north of the plateau with a gradient of ~ 0.07 nM.km -1 at the time of sampling. Using lateral and vertical diffusion coefficients derived from Ra isotope profiles and also estimates of atmospheric inputs, it was then possible to estimate a DFe concentration of ~ 0.55 nM to the north of the islands prior to the bloom event, which is sufficient to initiate the bloom, the lateral island source being the largest component. A similar situation is observed for other Sub-Antarctic Islands such as Kerguelen, South Georgia, that supply dissolved iron to their surrounding waters, thus, enhancing chlorophyll concentrations.Keywords: Dissolved Iron, Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean, HNLC. Planquette et al., 26/04/07 3 The hypothesis that iron can act as a limiting micro nutrient in High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC hereafter) regions is now generally accepted and has been investigated on a number of occasions (Boyd et al., 2000;de Baar et al., 2005). IntroductionThe iron hypothesis originally proposed by Martin (1990) has led to numerous studies which all demonstrate that the addition of iron to HNLC waters causes an increase in phytoplankton productivity. Subsequent investigations into iron's role in phytoplankton physiology have also revealed important findings. Among them, one can cite its role in photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport, nitrate reduction, and chlorophyll synthesis (Sunda and Huntsman, 1995; Sunda and Huntsman, 1997). The broader implication is that in HNLC waters, the presence of iron can increase the efficiency of the biological pump and promote drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Bakker et al., 2001;Bakker et al., 2005; Boyd et al., 2004; Law et al., 2006;Martin et al., 1990).The Southern Ocean is subjected to these HNLC conditions and is depicted as the largest potential sink of anthropogenic CO 2 in the global ocean (Martin, 1990; Tréguer and Pondaven, 2001) and as a key system in the context of climate change (Sarmiento et al., 1998). However, due to the existence of distinct regional sub systems differing in their physical and biological properties (Arrigo et al., 1998; Tréguer and Jacques, 1992), this ocean should not be viewed as one entity.Ther...

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“…It had been welldocumented that aerosol acidification involving urban pollutants plays a substantial role in the increase of soluble Fe (Rubasinghege et al, 2010). Many studies attempted to investigate the correlation between aerosol Fe fractional solubility and concentrations of acid species (Hand et al, 2004;Baker et al, 2006), in order to interpret a potential link between acid processing and Fe solubility. However, Baker and Croot (2010) emphasized the conformation of physical contact between Fe and acidic compounds on the exactly same particles, even if acid processing is the primary atmospheric control of the Fe fractional solubility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%