Trends and prospects for thermal stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride

Abstract

Thermal stabilizers are essential for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing. It is the emergence of thermal stabilizers that made PVC's applications migrate from laboratory to large‐scale industrial use. Herein we overview the development status of some traditional thermal stabilizers including lead salt, metal soaps, and organotin along with relatively newer thermal stabilizers such as organic thermal stabilizers and metal alkoxides. Taking into consideration the high market demand, opportunities for cost‐effective additives for thermal stabilizers are also briefly discussed. Finally, with the recent shift in focus on thermal stabilizer synthesis and their performance characterization but neglecting mechanical property testing and verification, we put forward application prospect of quantum chemical calculation for the development of PVC thermal stabilizers.

A promising modified polyvinyl chloride for adsorption of boron: Preparation, adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

“…The chemical compositions of unmodified PVC, PVC‐MG, PVC‐MG‐NMDG, and PVC‐MG‐NMDG‐B were inspected by XPS, as revealed in Table 1 and Figure 2. The (4) solid samples constrained C 1S and Cl 2P , which match the peaks at 287.14 eV (carbon content is 37.82%) and 202.31 eV (chlorine content is 55.87%), respectively 52 . Compared with PVC, the PVC‐MG showed an increase in carbon content to 41.62%, the appearance of new assignments at 405 and 542 eV due to the presence of N 1S and O 1S , 53 and finally, a decrease in the content of chlorine from 55.87% to 27%, which reflects the successful partial amination of PVC by methyl glycinate to give PVC‐MG with anchoring efficiency of 51.67%.…”

“…The (4) solid samples constrained C 1S and Cl 2P , which match the peaks at 287.14 eV (carbon content is 37.82%) and 202.31 eV (chlorine content is 55.87%), respectively. 52 Compared with PVC, the PVC-MG showed an increase in carbon content to 41.62%, the appearance of new assignments at 405 and 542 eV due to the presence of N 1S and O 1S , 53 and finally, a decrease in the content of chlorine from 55.87% to 27%, which reflects the successful partial amination of PVC by methyl glycinate to give PVC-MG with anchoring efficiency of 51.67%. Furthermore, compared with PVC, the PVC-MG-NMDG showed an increase in both nitrogen and oxygen contents from 10.28% to 13.11% and 14.77% to 19.1%, respectively, also indicating a good amination of PVC-MG by N-methyl-Dgluconate.…”

Highly efficient and eco‐friendly enhancement of polyvinyl chloride thermal stability: A renewable cinnamate‐intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcite stabilizer

“…[2][3][4] Therefore, it is necessary to add an appropriate thermal stabilizer during PVC processing. 5 The mechanisms of thermal stabilizers are divided into several: (1) reacting with unstable chlorine atoms in the tertiary position in the PVC chain; (2) absorbing HCl generated during the degradation process; (3) reacting with the conjugated double bonds in the structure of PVC in an additive reaction 6 ; (4) reacting with free radicals and terminating the transfer of free radicals [7][8][9][10][11][12] ; (5) inhibiting the oxidation of PVC; and (6) passivate metal ions with catalytic removal of HCl action.…”

Establishment of an efficient and accurate thermal stability evaluation method based on machine vision and its application in PVC thermal degradation

“…due to its low cost, good transparency, thermal insulation, and convenience. 3–5 However, pure PVC has poor thermal stability and may decompose at processing temperature (100–200 °C), producing hydrogen chloride gas, which can lead to discoloration and decreased mechanical properties of PVC products, ultimately reducing their service life. 6–8 Adding various heat stabilizers during the preparation process is the most effective way to improve the thermal stability performance of PVC samples.…”

“…6–8 Adding various heat stabilizers during the preparation process is the most effective way to improve the thermal stability performance of PVC samples. 5,9…”