Trends and patterns of second-hand smoke exposure amongst the non-smokers in India-A secondary data analysis from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) I & II

Abstract

Objectives The primary objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence and patterns of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the home, workplace, public places, and at all three places amongst the non-smoker respondents between the two rounds of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in India. The secondary objectives were to assess the differences in various factors associated with SHS exposure among non-smokers. Study design This secondary data analysis incorporated data generated from the previous two rounds of the cross-sectional, nationally representative GATS India, which covered 69,296 and 74,037 individuals aged 15 years and above. Exposure to the SHS at home, workplace, and public places amongst the non-smokers were the primary outcome variables. Standard definitions of the surveys were used. Results The overall weighted prevalence of exposure to SHS amongst the non-smokers inside the home and public places reduced. In contrast, the prevalence in the workplace increased marginally in round II compared to I. The proportion of adults who were exposed to SHS at all three places did not change much in two rounds of surveys. A decrease in the knowledge of the respondents exposed to SHS at home and public places was observed about the harmful effects of smoking in round II. Age, gender, occupation, place, and region of respondents were found to be significant determinants of SHS exposure at all the three places on multinomial logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The study calls for focused interventions in India and stringent implementation of antitobacco legislation, especially in the workplaces for reducing the exposure to SHS amongst

Association between Chewable Tobacco Consumption and Oral Hygiene Habits on Periodontal Health

“…In the research done by Yaragani et al [15], 82% of current tobacco consumers were found although, 49% reported smoking tobacco, they had tobacco chewing habits. These estimates are in line with details from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2016-17 [16,17]. The comparatively lower cost of these items and the less revealing nature of their use compared to smoking are the reasons for increasing the use of smokeless types of tobacco [18].…”

Awareness regarding the adverse effect of tobacco among adults in India: findings from secondary data analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey

“…18 19 In India, existing literature suggests that gender, age, ethnicity, education, income and smoking status are associated with awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. [20][21][22] As awareness contributes to a more considerable extent to behaviour modification and tobacco cessation practices, it needs to be studied in entirety concerning socioeconomic and regional distributions to get a clear view on this aspect. Within this context, we examined the awareness regarding the harmful effects of tobacco among the users (both smoked and smokeless) and non-users based on the secondary data analysis of GATS 2016-2017 and compared it with GATS 2009-2010.…”

Tobacco control policies in the 21st century: achievements and open challenges

“…The proportion of people protected by smoke-free legislations worldwide has increased from 3.0% in 2007 to 21.1% in 2018 ( Table 2). The largest countries in the world report significant decreases in the proportion of people exposed to secondhand smoke [13][14][15][16]. Existing evidence shows that countries that enact national legislative smoking bans reduce the population exposure to passive smoke and benefit from improved health outcomes, specifically of cardiovascular diseases [17].…”