Trends and Gaps in National Blood Transfusion Services — 14 Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2014–2016

Kanagasabai, Udhayashankar; Chevalier, Michelle; Drammeh, Bakary; Mili, Fatima; Qualls, Michael; Bock, Naomi; Benech, Irene; Nelson, Lisa; Alemnji, George; Watts, D. Heather; Kimani, Daniel; Selenic, Dejana

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6750a4

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…8 This indicates that age affects blood donor and donation rates. In this study, younger individuals in the 18-25 years age-group donated 22.8% of the total which is in agreement with studies conducted in Brazil, China, and sub-Saharan African countries,- 6,7,18,19 but inconsistent with a further study in which young donors only donated 9% of the units. 20 The high percentage of young donors reported in our study was probably due to a strong focus on recruitment among college students.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

<p>Demographical Pattern of Blood Donors and Pre-Donation Deferral Causes in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</p>

Elsafi¹

2020

JBM

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Background: Understanding the demographic features of blood donors is important for identifying the donor structure and guiding the recruitment and retention strategies of donors. This study was aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of blood donors, the types of donation drives, and the frequency and reasons for pre-donation deferral in our population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included data analysis of all prospective blood donors presenting themselves for donation at the Blood Bank of the King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia between January 2010 and December 2018. Eligibility of blood donation was assessed using a standardized history questionnaire, physical examination, hemoglobin estimation, pulse rate, blood pressure, and temperature. The questionnaire included the demographic features of the donor such as age, gender, and the reason for donation and other specific risk factors that potentially affect the safety of the donor or the recipient. Data analyzed using the analysis of SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) were used to calculate the unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and the respective 95% confidence interval for the association between the various demographic parameters. Results: A total of 28,189 potential donations were recorded during the study period; of these, 77.4% were family replacements with females accounting for only 1.8% of all donations. Most of the donors were Saudi nationals (92.1%) of whom donors between 18 and 34 years old constituted 87.9%, while those over 40 years old represented only 7.9% of the donations. Pre-donation temporary deferral occurred in 3300 (11.7%) of all potential donation attempts. The most common causes being the recent intake of medication (24.4%) followed by low hemoglobin (14.8%), low or high blood pressure (14.6%), low or high pulse rate (13.6%), and low weight (11.6%). Conclusion: A profile of blood donors consisting mainly of young male citizens who mostly donated for family replacement was detected. Deferral rate was found to be average when compared to other countries; the causes being similar to those detected in other developed countries. Simple descriptive statistics has shown no marked difference was noted over the 9 years of the study in neither the profile of blood donors nor the cause for temporary deferral of prospective blood donors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

<p>Demographical Pattern of Blood Donors and Pre-Donation Deferral Causes in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</p>

Elsafi¹

2020

JBM

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“…The prevalence of HIV infection reported in this study was similar to that found in blood banks from Mozambique from 2014 to 2016 [ 13 ]. The prevalence of HIV infection among potential blood donors in Maputo was higher than in Beira.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Screening blood donors using increasingly sensitive laboratory assays, with a shorter diagnostic window period, has decreased the global risk of transmission of infectious agents during blood donation [ 2 ]. Nevertheless, the progress in sub-Saharan Africa has been slower [ 13 ]. In Mozambique, the background risk of blood-borne viral infections is substantial due to their high prevalence in the donor population [ 9 – 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acid testing identifies high prevalence of blood borne viruses among approved blood donors in Mozambique

et al. 2022

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Background Although blood transfusion is an intervention that saves lives, it poses significant risks to the blood receivers, including the transmission of bloodborne pathogens. We aimed at determining the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in candidates approved for blood donation, and in samples considered to be negative in reference blood banks in Mozambique. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed between November 2014 and October 2015 in Maputo and Beira cities. Demographic information was obtained from all consenting blood donors using a structured questionnaire. Plasma samples were screened for HIVAb/Ag combinations, HBsAg and Anti-HCV. Blood donors considered to be negative by serological testing were re-tested in pools of six plasma samples using nucleic acid testing (NAT). Results Most blood donors were male 2,320 (83.4%) with an age range of 18 to 34 years. The overall seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV infections among blood donors approved for donation was 4.6% (127; 95% CI 3.8–5.4), 4.5% (124; 95% CI 3.7–5.3) and 0.4% (11; 95% CI 0.2–0.7), respectively. The overall frequency by NAT of HIV RNA, HBV DNA, and HCV RNA in serologically negative blood donor samples was 2.6 per 1000 blood donors (7; 95% CI 1.1–5.4); 12.5 per 1000 blood donors (33; 95% CI 8.6–17.5) and 2.6 per 1000 blood donors (6; 95% CI 1.0–5.7), respectively. Conclusion Our results show high seroprevalence of HIV and HBV infections in blood donors approved for donation, and high frequency of molecular biomarkers of HIV, HBV, and HCV in blood considered to be safe. These results suggest the need for a new blood screening policy in Mozambique, including the use of NAT to detect infectious blood donations during the immunologically negative window.

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“…Our findings emphasize the importance of accreditation standards to ensure the availability of safe and adequate blood supplies in SSA [12]. At the time of data collection and analysis, only four countries in SSA had achieved full accreditation while several others were at various stages of the SWAP process [3]. Of the 10 countries assessed, four ranked within the medium human development index (HDI) category, while the other six all ranked in the low HDI category, highlighting the importance of the AfSBT SWAP as a tool for low resource settings [4, 5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Baseline assessment findings of the Africa Society for Blood Transfusion Step‐Wise Accreditation Programme in 10 sub‐Saharan African countries, 2016–2018

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: The accreditation of blood services promotes continuous quality improvement in blood and transfusion services. The Africa Society for Blood Transfusion (AfSBT) conducted 20 baseline assessments of National Blood Transfusion Services (NBTS) or blood banks as part of the Step-Wise Accreditation Programme (SWAP) in 10 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2016 to 2018. This paper aims to elucidate the process and findings of the baseline assessments.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study of 20 baseline assessments of NBTS. Eleven sections of the AfSBT assessment were reviewed, and 48 out of 68 standards and 356 out of 466 criteria were assessed. Each standard was assigned a value of 1 if it was fully achieved, 0.5 if partially achieved and 0 if not achieved. We defined average section scores >75% as having 'met AfSBT Standards', ≤25% as not meeting standards, 26%-50% as needs major improvement, and 51%-75% as needs some improvement and >75% as meets standards.Results: The AfSBT SWAP standards were met in 4 out of the 11 sections: donor management, blood collection, component production and compatibility testing.Three sections were determined to need some improvement (quality system; handling, transport and storage and testing of donated blood), and three sections were determined to need major improvement (haemovigilance, blood administration and national blood service accreditation). One section (receipt, ordering, and issuing of blood) did not meet standards. Conclusion:Despite improvements in the quality of blood services in SSA over the past two decades, governments may consider the importance of prioritizing investments in NBTS, ensuring these institutions meet international accreditation standards that are aligned with safe blood transfusion services.

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Trends and Gaps in National Blood Transfusion Services — 14 Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2014–2016

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

<p>Demographical Pattern of Blood Donors and Pre-Donation Deferral Causes in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</p>

<p>Demographical Pattern of Blood Donors and Pre-Donation Deferral Causes in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia</p>

Nucleic acid testing identifies high prevalence of blood borne viruses among approved blood donors in Mozambique

Baseline assessment findings of the Africa Society for Blood Transfusion Step‐Wise Accreditation Programme in 10 sub‐Saharan African countries, 2016–2018

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