Trends and Effects of Child Restraint Systems Based on Volvo's Swedish Accident Database

Isaksson-Hellman, Irene; Jakobsson, Lotta; Gustafsson, Christer; Norin, Hans

doi:10.4271/973299

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Swedish researchers have reported that rearfacing CSSs reduce the risk of significant injuries (those with an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of Ն2) by 90% relative to unrestrained children, which reinforces their policy of children remaining in a rear-facing CSS up to the age of 4 years. 48,49 Henary et al 50 24]). These authors concluded that for children through 23 months of age, rear-facing CSSs provided optimal protection.…”

Section: Best-practice Recommendation: All Infants and Toddlers Shoulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Passenger Safety

Durbin¹,

Gardner²,

Baum³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite significant reductions in the number of children killed in motor vehicle crashes over the past decade, crashes continue to be the leading cause of death for children 4 years and older. Therefore, the American Academy of Pediatrics continues to recommend inclusion of child passenger safety anticipatory guidance at every health-supervision visit. This technical report provides a summary of the evidence in support of 5 recommendations for best practices to optimize safety in passenger vehicles for children from birth through adolescence that all pediatricians should know and promote in their routine practice. These recommendations are presented in the revised policy statement on child passenger safety in the form of an algorithm that is intended to facilitate their implementation by pediatricians with their patients and families. The algorithm is designed to cover the majority of situations that pediatricians will encounter in practice. In addition, a summary of evidence on a number of additional issues that affect the safety of children in motor vehicles, including the proper use and installation of child restraints, exposure to air bags, travel in pickup trucks, children left in or around vehicles, and the importance of restraint laws, is provided. Finally, this technical report provides pediatricians with a number of resources for additional information to use when providing anticipatory guidance to families.

show abstract

Section: Best-practice Recommendation: All Infants and Toddlers Shoulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Passenger Safety

Durbin¹,

Gardner²,

Baum³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…10,11 It is important to note that most currently available CSSs have weight limits for rearfacing use that can accommodate the new recommendations. 12 Certain considerations contained in this policy statement are relevant to commercial airline travel as well and are noted in the accompanying technical report.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Passenger Safety

Durbin¹

2011

Pediatrics

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Child passenger safety has dramatically evolved over the past decade; however, motor vehicle crashes continue to be the leading cause of death of children 4 years and older. This policy statement provides 4 evidence-based recommendations for best practices in the choice of a child restraint system to optimize safety in passenger vehicles for children from birth through adolescence: (1) rearfacing car safety seats for most infants up to 2 years of age; (2) forward-facing car safety seats for most children through 4 years of age; (3) belt-positioning booster seats for most children through 8 years of age; and (4) lap-and-shoulder seat belts for all who have outgrown booster seats. In addition, a fifth evidence-based recommendation is for all children younger than 13 years to ride in the rear seats of vehicles. It is important to note that every transition is associated with some decrease in protection; therefore, parents should be encouraged to delay these transitions for as long as possible. These recommendations are presented in the form of an algorithm that is intended to facilitate implementation of the recommendations by pediatricians to their patients and families and should cover most situations that pediatricians will encounter in practice. The American Academy of Pediatrics urges all pediatricians to know and promote these recommendations as part of child passenger safety anticipatory guidance at every health-supervision visit. Pediatrics 2011;127:788-793Improved vehicle crashworthiness and greater use of child restraint systems have significantly affected the safety of children in automobiles. Major shifts in child restraint use, particularly the use of booster seats among older children, have occurred in response to public education programs and enhancements to child restraint laws in nearly every state. 1-3 In addition, there has been a substantial increase in scientific evidence on which to base recommendations for best practices in child passenger safety. Current estimates of child restraint effectiveness indicate that child safety seats reduce the risk of injury by 71% to 82% 4,5 and reduce the risk of death by 28% when compared with those for children of similar ages in seat belts. 6 Booster seats reduce the risk of nonfatal injury among 4-to 8-year-olds by 45% compared with seat belts. 7 Despite this progress, approximately 1500 children younger than 16 years die in motor vehicle crashes each year in the United States, nearly half of whom were completely unrestrained. 8

show abstract

“…The calculated injury reducing effect of rear facing and forward facing seats was 96% and 77% respectively. 7 These real life data are supported by crash tests and numerical simulations, which support the use of rear facing seats until age 4. One study conducted 31 frontal crash tests with 12 month, 18 month, and 3 year old dummies restrained in both US and European rear facing and forward facing seats.…”

Section: The Clinical Problemmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…2 3 Evidence is mounting, however, that it is safer for young children to travel in a rear facing seat until 4 years of age. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The evidence for change…”

Section: The Clinical Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%