Trends and associated characteristics for Chagas disease among women of reproductive age in the United States, 2002 to 2017

Abstract

Background American trypanosomiasis, commonly referred to as Chagas disease, is caused by a single cell protozoan known as Trypanosoma cruzi ( T. cruzi ). Although those affected are mainly in Latin America, Chagas has been detected in the United States (US), Canada and in many European countries due to migration. Few studies have explored the epidemiology of Chagas within the US or changes in disease burden over the past decade. The objective of this study was to explore the trends and associated characteristics for Chagas disease among hospitalized women of reproductive age in the US. Methods We analyzed admissions data including socio-demographic and hospital characteristics for inpatient hospitalization for women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in the US from 2002 through 2017. We employed Joinpoint regression analysis to determine trends in the prevalence of Chagas disease over this period. Results A total of 487 hospitalizations of Chagas disease were identified, corresponding to 3.7 per million hospitalizations over the study period. The rate statistically increased from 1.6 per million in 2002 to 7.6 per million hospitalizations in 2017. Chagas was most prevalent among older women, Hispanics and those in the highest zip income bracket. The in-hospital mortality rate was about 10 times greater among women with Chagas compared to those without the condition (3.1% versus 0.3%), and the condition tended to be clustered in women treated at large, urban teaching hospitals in the Northeastern region of the US. Conclusion Chagas disease diagnosis appears to be increasing among hospitalized women of reproductive age in the US with a 10-fold elevated risk of mortality.

The Importance of Screening for Chagas Disease Against the Backdrop of Changing Epidemiology in the USA

“…Estimates suggest that the majority of T. cruzi-infected individuals in the US are immigrants from other Chagasendemic regions of Latin America [11]. As Latin American migration to the US has increased over the past two decades, it is suggested that so have the number of imported Chagas disease cases, especially in southern states [12, 13, 14•].…”

Caracterização epidemiológica das mortes por doença de Chagas ocorridas no Brasil no período de 2010 a 2019

“…Segundo o boletim epidemiológico do Ministério da saúde (2020), no período de 2007 a 2016, a doença de Chagas acometeu cerca de 850 pessoas com idade média de 33 anos, tendo maior prevalência de casos notificados em os indivíduos do sexo masculino (54,40%). Em relação ao número de casos entre mulheres, a faixa de idade reprodutiva gera maior preocupações devido a possibilidade de transmissão congênita (Ikedionwu et al, 2020).…”