Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects on the Incidence and Mortality Rate of Cervical Cancer in Korea

Moon, Eun-Kyeong; Oh, Chang‐Mo; Won, Young‐Joo; Lee, Jong Keun; Jung, Kyu-Won; Cho, Hyunsoon; Jun, Jae Kwan; Lim, Myong Cheol; Ki, Moran

doi:10.4143/crt.2016.316

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In our study, the risk by birth year among Japanese‐American and South Korean women decreased prior to the 1940s and the 1970s, respectively, and then leveled off, consistent with the decreasing or stable cohort trends in most Oceanic and Asian countries . A recent study from South Korea national cancer registry also reported increasing incidence rates of cervical cancer among women born after 1973 which was consistent with ours. The difference of cohort effect between Japanese, Japanese‐American and South Korean women indicates that the drivers of cervical cancer incidence differ by country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Increasing risk of uterine cervical cancer among young Japanese women: Comparison of incidence trends in Japan, South Korea and Japanese‐Americans between 1985 and 2012

Utada

Chernyavskiy

Lee

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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In Japan, cervical cancer incidence has increased since the late 1990s especially among young women, despite a decreasing trend in most developed countries. Here, we examined age, period and birth cohort trends in cervical cancer incidence rates from 1985 to 2012. Incidence rates were ascertained using three population-based cancer registries and analyzed using Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models. We compared the findings in Japan to trends among Japanese-Americans in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registries and among women in South Korea using the Korea Central Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates in Japan decreased by 1.7% per year (95% confidence interval − 3.3%, 0.0%) until 1997 and thereafter increased by 2.6% per year (1.1%, 4.2%). Incidence rates increased among women under age 50, were stable among women aged 50-54, and decreased or remained stable among women aged 55 and over. The age-standardized incidence rate ratio by birth cohort showed a U-shaped pattern with the lowest rates in women born in the late 1930s and 1940s. In comparison, women born before 1920 and after 1970 had about double the incidence. Increasing risk in recent birth cohorts was not evident in Japanese-American or South Korean women. The trends in Japan may be attributable to increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among young women. Screening and vaccination have been shown to be highly effective and would help reverse these trends.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These cultural shifts are likely to explain, at least in part, the increasing risk of cervical cancer in later birth cohorts. In the US and South Korea, similar changes in sexual practices are likely to have occurred, but may have been counter‐acted by increasing participation rates of screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing risk of uterine cervical cancer among young Japanese women: Comparison of incidence trends in Japan, South Korea and Japanese‐Americans between 1985 and 2012

Utada

Chernyavskiy

Lee

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Therefore, differences in coverage of participation the observed in screening programs and access to health services by age group would could promote a cohort effect on cervical cancer incidence and mortality, considering that exposure to these factors of protection is differentiated according to age [17,22,46,50,63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Younger women are more vulnerable and suffer from cervical cancer due to greater exposure to risk factors for this disease [2,10]. Another hypothesis may be the change in histological type in younger women, which occurred in South Korea, for example, where high mortality in younger generations was correlated with an increased incidence of adenocarcinoma [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the effects of the age-period-birth cohort on cervical cancer mortality in the Brazilian Northeast

et al. 2020

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Cervical cancer (CC) is a public health problem with a high disease burden and mortality in developing countries. In Brazil, areas with low human development index have the highest incidence rates of Brazil and upward temporal trend for this disease. The Northeast region has the second highest incidence of cervical cancer (20.47 new cases / 100,000 women). In this region, the mortality rates are similar to rates in countries that do not have a health system with a universal access screening program, as in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of age, period and birth cohorts on mortality from cervical cancer in the Northeast region of Brazil. Estimable functions predicted the effects of age, period and birth cohort. The average mortality rate was 10.35 deaths per 100,000 women during the period analyzed (1980-2014). The highest mortality rate per 100,000 women was observed in Maranhão (24.39 deaths), and the lowest mortality rate was observed in Bahia (11.24 deaths). According to the period effects, only the state of Rio Grande do Norte showed a reduction in mortality risk in the five years of the 2000s. There was a reduction in mortality risk for birth cohorts of women after the 1950s, except in Maranhão State, which showed an increasing trend in mortality risk for younger generations. We found that the high rates of cervical cancer mortality in the states of northeastern Brazil remain constant over time. Even after an increase in access to health services in the 2000s, associated with increased access to the cancer care network, which includes early detection (Pap Test), cervical cancer treatment and palliative care. However, it is important to note that the decreased risk of death and the mortality rates from CC among women born after the 1960s may be correlated with increased screening coverage, as well as increased access to health services for cancer treatment observed in younger women.

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“…Recently, cervical cancer incidence and mortality have substantially decreased in Korea. According to Korea’s national cancer registry, the age-standardised incidence of cervical cancer among women aged ≥20 years decreased from 32.8 per 100 000 in 1993 to 15.9 in 2012 (annual percent change, –3.9%) 27. This is primarily attributable to the organised cervical cancer screening programme introduced in Korea in 1988.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus-related diseases in the Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study

Oh¹,

Choi²,

Han

et al. 2019

Sex Transm Infect

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ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases in the era before the introduction of organised HPV vaccination programmes in the Republic of Korea.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used National Health Insurance Service data from 2002 to 2015 and included participants who were diagnosed with the following HPV-related diseases (codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision): genital warts (A63.0); cancer in the head and neck (C00–C10), anus (C21), vulva (C51), vagina (C52), cervix uteri (C53) and penis (C60); carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the lip/oral cavity/pharynx (D00.0), anus (D01.3), cervix (D06), vulva (D07.1), vagina (D07.2) and penis (D07.4); benign neoplasms of the larynx (D14.1); and dysplasia of the cervix (N87), vagina (N89) and vulva (N90). For each diagnosis, the fraction of cases attributable to HPV in Korea was assessed based on the percentages of diseases attributable to HPV reported in some international studies. The age-standardised prevalence was estimated using the direct population-based method.ResultsThe overall age-standardised prevalence of HPV-related diseases increased from 2002 to 2015, mainly due to increased prevalence of genital warts in men and cervical dysplasia and CIS in women. In women, genital wart prevalence increased from 2002 (24.4 per 100 000) to 2011 (57.1) and then decreased until 2015 (53.5); in men, the prevalence increased steadily from 2002 (22.9) to 2015 (109.4). The prevalence of cervical dysplasia and CIS increased (from 86.5 in 2002 to 484.5 in 2015, and from 60.3 in 2002 to 114.9 in 2015, respectively), but that of cervical cancer decreased (from 120.0 in 2002 to 106.9 in 2015).ConclusionsNon-organised HPV vaccination and organised cervical cancer screening may have contributed to the downward trend in genital wart prevalence and the upward trend in cervical abnormalities among women.

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Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects on the Incidence and Mortality Rate of Cervical Cancer in Korea

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Increasing risk of uterine cervical cancer among young Japanese women: Comparison of incidence trends in Japan, South Korea and Japanese‐Americans between 1985 and 2012

Increasing risk of uterine cervical cancer among young Japanese women: Comparison of incidence trends in Japan, South Korea and Japanese‐Americans between 1985 and 2012

Analysis of the effects of the age-period-birth cohort on cervical cancer mortality in the Brazilian Northeast

Prevalence of human papillomavirus-related diseases in the Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study

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