Trend of human rabies prophylaxis in developing countries: Toward optimal rabies immunization

Permpalung, Nitipong; Wongrakpanich, Supakanya; Korpaisarn, Sira; Tanratana, Pansakorn; Angsanakul, Jaruboot

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.083

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, it is possible to prevent a person exposed to the virus from getting ill to rabies by neutralizing virus with antibodies before the virus invades the nervous tissue. This is done through vaccination and/or use of immunoglobulins, so called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) (Permpalung et al, 2013;Nilsson, 2014). Controlling rabies in dogs, and especially free-roaming (stray) dogs, is also the first priority for prevention of human rabies (Nilsson, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards rabies in Dedo district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

Abdela¹,

Midekso²,

Jabir³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Med. Med. Sci.

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Rabies is a fatal neglected viral zoonosis which causes encephalitis in many warm-blooded animals and humans. It is an incurable disease once the clinical signs appear. However, it can be prevented via vaccination and community awareness. This study was therefore designed to determine the level of community knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding rabies. Cross sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to January 2017 in Dedo district, Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was employed for selection of sample unit and data were collected from 135 household by face-to-face interview using a semi structured and validated questionnaire. Logistic regression was used for assessing the association of independent variable with KAP score. Out of 135 participants interviewed, 71.1% were urban and 57% were male respondents. All (100%) participants had heard about rabies and 88.9% were aware that rabies is zoonotic. However, there were misperceptions about the causes, transmission and incubation period of rabies. Overall KAP score revealed that 51.9% of the respondents had a good KAP, whereas 48.1% was found to have poor KAP score. Multivariable analysis showed that a good KAP score was significantly higher in male than female (OR= 37.16, CI=4.7-92.1, p= 0.001), in age group >46 years than 15 to 30 years (OR=8.9, CI=1.6-47.2) in urban than rural residents (OR=4.35, CI=1.3-14.14, p= 0.014), education (P= 0.040), in respondent who were at secondary school education level than illiterate (OR=7.7, CI=1.05 -56.64), in dog owners than those who had no dog (OR=2.9, CI=1.12-7.93, P=0.029), and in trained respondents than nontrained respondents (OR=3.37 CI=1.17-9.69, p=0.024). Generally, the overall, KAP score recorded in this study is an indication of low overall awareness level in the study area. This reflects the urgent need for rabies awareness programmes within the community. Thus, close collaboration of public health, veterinary sector and local authorities is a key element for preventing this fatal incurable disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards rabies in Dedo district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

Abdela¹,

Midekso²,

Jabir³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Med. Med. Sci.

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“…The results of this study also seem to be in contrast to the undoubted efficacy of intradermal rabies vaccination in humans (17). However, in humans pre-exposure vaccination is a multidose regimen that requires three to four doses of vaccine (33, 34). Furthermore, the results of the current study are consistent with the statement made by WHO (30) that ‘antibody titres are higher and more sustained after intramuscular injection’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of antibody titres between intradermal and intramuscular rabies vaccination using inactivated vaccine in cattle in Bhutan.

Wangmo

Laven

Cliquet

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In developing countries, the cost of vaccination limits the use of prophylactic rabies vaccination, especially in cattle. Intradermal vaccination delivers antigen directly to an area with higher number of antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, it could produce equivalent or higher antibody titres than conventional intramuscular vaccination even when a lower dose is given. Abstract 11In developing countries, the cost of vaccination limits the use of prophylactic rabies 12 vaccination, especially in cattle. Intradermal vaccination delivers antigen directly to an area 13 with higher number of antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, it could produce equivalent or 14 higher antibody titres than conventional intramuscular vaccination even when a lower dose is 15 given. 16This study aimed to compare the antibody response in cattle vaccinated intramuscularly with 17 1mL of inactivated rabies vaccine (Raksharab, Indian Immunologicals) against intradermally 18 vaccinated cattle with 0.2mL of the same vaccine. The study was conducted in Haa province 19 of Bhutan where rabies is not endemic. One hundred cattle from 27 farms were selected for 20 the study. Virus neutralising antibody (VNA) response was measured using the fluorescent 21 antibody virus neutralisation test on the day of vaccination (day 0) and 14, 30, 60 and 90 days 22 later. 23Overall, 71% of intradermally vaccinated cattle and 89% of the intramuscularly vaccinated 24 cattle produced a protective response (≥0.5IU/mL). This difference was significant (P<0.02) 25 on days 14 and 30 post vaccination with 36 and 58% in the intradermal group having titres 2 26 ≥0.5 IU/mL respectively compared to the equivalent figures of 78 and 77% in the 27 intramuscular group. The mean VNA titres were lower for intradermal group than 28 intramuscular group (p<0.001) with the mean difference being greater than 0.6 IU/mL. 29Although low dose intradermal vaccination did produce a detectable antibody response, it 30 was inferior to intramuscular vaccination. Thus, although intradermal vaccination has the 31 potential to reduce the cost of vaccination by reducing the dose required, this study showed 32 that a single dose of 0.2mL intradermally was inferior to an intramuscular dose of 1mL. 33Further research evaluating dose and dose regimen is needed before intradermal vaccination 34 using the Raksharab rabies vaccine can be recommended in cattle. 48 for every 2.5 cattle) of which 40% are stray dogs, and 31% owned but free roaming (12). 49Mass vaccination against rabies and sterilization of dogs have been carried out throughout the 50 country on an annual basis to reduce the risk of rabies. However, preventive control measures 51 in cattle, especially vaccination, have been a lower priority, because the risks of virus 52 transmission through cattle are low (13). Nevertheless, in endemic areas of Bhutan, rabies 53 remains common in cattle and causes considerable economic losses to smallholder cattle 54 farmers. Until rabies is eliminated in the reservoir hosts (principally dogs), free movement...

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“…All of these factors emphasize the need for coordinated strategies engaging both medical and animal science as well as across developing and developed countries to effectively monitor and control the incidence and transmission of the rabies EReNTD (220,223,224,(228)(229)(230). This is particularly important as travel and globalization may increase the spread of this disease, creating additional need for convenient, effective, and cost-sensitive vaccines (such as additional development of intradermally administered vaccines) for more advanced cases as well as potential passive immunity protections (231). In addition, potential development of more rapid and cost-effective rabies diagnostic tests may promote expanded and earlier detection, which is critical to treatment and reduction of rabies-related mortality (232).…”

Section: Identified Erentdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and Reemerging Neglected Tropical Diseases: a Review of Key Characteristics, Risk Factors, and the Policy and Innovation Environment

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY In global health, critical challenges have arisen from infectious diseases, including the emergence and reemergence of old and new infectious diseases. Emergence and reemergence are accelerated by rapid human development, including numerous changes in demographics, populations, and the environment. This has also led to zoonoses in the changing human-animal ecosystem, which are impacted by a growing globalized society where pathogens do not recognize geopolitical borders. Within this context, neglected tropical infectious diseases have historically lacked adequate attention in international public health efforts, leading to insufficient prevention and treatment options. This subset of 17 infectious tropical diseases disproportionately impacts the world's poorest, represents a significant and underappreciated global disease burden, and is a major barrier to development efforts to alleviate poverty and improve human health. Neglected tropical diseases that are also categorized as emerging or reemerging infectious diseases are an even more serious threat and have not been adequately examined or discussed in terms of their unique risk characteristics. This review sets out to identify emerging and reemerging neglected tropical diseases and explore the policy and innovation environment that could hamper or enable control efforts. Through this examination, we hope to raise awareness and guide potential approaches to addressing this global health concern.

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Trend of human rabies prophylaxis in developing countries: Toward optimal rabies immunization

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards rabies in Dedo district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards rabies in Dedo district of Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

Comparison of antibody titres between intradermal and intramuscular rabies vaccination using inactivated vaccine in cattle in Bhutan.

Emerging and Reemerging Neglected Tropical Diseases: a Review of Key Characteristics, Risk Factors, and the Policy and Innovation Environment

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