Trend and risk factors of low birth weight and macrosomia in south China, 2005–2017: a retrospective observational study

Abstract

The percentages of low birth weight (LBW) increased from 7.7% in 2005 to 11.3% in 2011 and declined to 8.1% in 2017. For very low birth weight (VLBW) individuals, the proportion declined −1.0% annually, from 2.5% in 2005 to 1.4% in 2017. Among moderately low birth weight (MLBW) individuals, the proportion first increased 12.8% annually, from 5.0% in 2005 to 9.3% in 2011, and then declined −3.8% annually, from 9.4% in 2011 to 7.0% in 2017. The percentages of macrosomia monotone decreased from 4.0% in 2005 to 2.5% in 2017, an annual decline of −4.0%. Multiple regression analyses showed that boys, maternal age, hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP), and diabetes were significant risk factors for LBW. Boys, maternal age, gestational age, HDCP, diabetes, and maternal BMI were significant risk factors for macrosomia. Although the relevant figures declined slightly in our study, it is likely that LBW and macrosomia will remain a major public health issue over the next few years in China. More research aimed at control and prevention of these risk factors for LBW and macrosomia and their detrimental outcome in the mother and perinatal child should be performed in China.

Effect of maternal active smoking during pregnancy on the trajectory of childhood body mass index: A multilevel analysis using quartiles of birthweight

“…Therefore, in the second quartile of birthweight, maternal active smoking during pregnancy might contribute to an increase in childhood BMI. Many factors, including maternal active smoking during pregnancy, sex of the child, parity, gestational age, maternal age, pregestational maternal weight, gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, and gestational diabetes, have been associated with the birthweight of the infant [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] . Thus, to examine the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and birthweight, it is necessary to consider these factors as confounders or effect modifiers.…”

The second pregnancy has no effect in the incidence of macrosomia: A cross sectional survey in two western Chinese regions

“…With the improvement of the living standards of Chinese people, the incidence of fetal macrosomia has increased [11,12,13,14,15]. It has been shown that multiple parities can lead to the relaxation of the peritoneum and uterine wall, an increase in uterine volume, and an extension of the duration of pregnancy preservation after multiple pregnancies, which leads to an increased risk of macrosomia [1,16,19,20,21,22]. We hypothesized that macrosomia incidence in second children will increase.…”

“…As the number of pregnancies increases, the weight of the fetus also increases, along with the risk of macrosomia [1,16,20,21,22]. The study by Akin Usta et al showed a 64% multiparity rate among mothers with fetal macrosomia, as well as a significantly higher parity in the macrosomia group than in the control group [23].…”

Changing trends of birth weight with maternal age: a cross-sectional study in Xi'an city of Northwestern China

“…As the most common adverse birth outcome, the incidence of abnormal BW is generally high in the world. It was estimated that the incidence of LBW was about 5-7% in developed countries and as high as 19% in developing countries [5], and in mainland China it was 6.1% [6].…”