Tremorgenic mycotoxins and incoordination syndromes

Pg, Mantle; Day, J. B.; Haigh, CR; Penny, RH

doi:10.1136/vr.103.18.403-a

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This reversible biochemical pathology and the absence of histopathology is in accord with the course of certain naturally occurring neurological disorders in sheep and cattle, concerning which evidence for the involvement of tremorgenic mycotoxins has recently been proposed (Mantle et al, 1977;Di Menna and Mantle, 1978;Mantle et al, 1978).…”

Section: Relevance For the Neurotoxicity Syndromesupporting

confidence: 53%

Actions of Tremorgenic Fungal Toxins on Neurotransmitter Release

Norris¹,

Smith²,

Belleroche³

et al. 1980

Journal of Neurochemistry

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neurochemical effects of the tremorgenic mycotoxins Verruculogen and Penitrem A, which produce a neurotoxic syndrome characterised by sustained tremors, were studied using sheep and rat synaptosomes. The toxins were administered in vivo, either by chronic feeding (sheep) or intraperitoneal injection 45 min prior to killing (rat), and synaptosomes were subsequently prepared from cerebrocortical and spinal cord/medullary regions of rat, and corpus striatum of sheep. Penitrem A (400 mg mycelium/kg) increased the spontaneous release of endogenous glutamate, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), and aspartate by 213%, 455%, and 277%, respectively, from cerebrocortical synaptosomes. Verruculogen (400 mg mycelium/kg) increased the spontaneous release of glutamate and aspartate by 1300% and 1200%, respectively, but not that of GABA from cerebrocortical synaptosomes. The spontaneous release of the transmitter amino acids or other amino acids was not increased by the tremorgens in spinal cord/medullary synaptosomes. Penitrem A pretreatment reduced the veratrine (75 microM) stimulated release of glutamate, aspartate, and GABA from cerebrocortical synaptosomes by 33%, 46%, and 11%, respectively, and the stimulated release of glycine and GABA from spinal cord/medulla synaptosomes by 67% and 32% respectively. Verruculogen pretreatment did not alter the veratrine-induced release of transmitter amino acids from cerebrocortex and spinal cord/medulla synaptosomes. Penitrem A pretreatment increased the spontaneous release of aspartate, glutamate, and GABA by 68%, 62%, and 100%, respectively, from sheep corpus striatum synaptosomes but did not alter the synthesis and release of dopamine in this tissue. Verruculogen was shown to cause a substantial increase (300-400%) in the miniature-end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency at the locust neuromuscular junction. The response was detectable within 1 min, rose to a maximum within 5-7 min, and declined to the control rate over a similar period. No change in the amplitude of the m.e.p.p.'s was observed. These effects of the tremorgens on transmitter release are interpreted in terms of their mode of action.

show abstract

Section: Relevance For the Neurotoxicity Syndromesupporting

confidence: 53%

Actions of Tremorgenic Fungal Toxins on Neurotransmitter Release

Norris¹,

Smith²,

Belleroche³

et al. 1980

Journal of Neurochemistry

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Organophosphorus residues might remain in the gut if such an agent had been administered during life as an anthelmintic or parasiticide. Similarly a number of mycotoxins have been isolated from cattle (Mantle et al, 1978) and although none of these have so far been incriminated for causing actual lesions in the brain, there is a precedent in the horse in which leuco-encephalomalacia follows the ingestion of maize contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme (Wilson & Maronpot,197 1). At present the cause of Hound ataxia is not known, but nutritional deficiency must be considered the most likely candidate. The disease is a chronic myelopathy, typical of a number of such conditions affecting the domestic species for which causes have yet to be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal cord degeneration in hound ataxia

Palmer

Medd

Wilkinson

1984

J of Small Animal Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An ataxia is described in seven Foxhounds, seven Harrier hounds and two Beagle hounds, aged from 2 to 7 years. Weakness and incoordination occurred in the hind‐legs; there was no loss of deep reflexes or of conscious pain sensation. The panniculus reflex was abnormal in 75 per cent of animals examined. Pathologically, Wallerian degeneration was present in the spinal cord, especially in the cervical and thoracic levels, but the dorsal and lateral columns were largely spared. Secondary degeneration occurred in ascending tracts in the brainstem. All the animals were kept under hunt conditions and were usually fed a diet of paunch and occasional knacker meat. The cause of the condition was not established but it may be related to nutritional deficiency or to neurotoxicity.

show abstract

“…Pyroclavine (monomer) (312) P. cilrinum (Vining el al., 1982) P. corylophilum (Koz1ovskii el ai., 1982), P. roqueforlii (Abe elai.,1967) 8,9-Epoxyagroclavine (314) P. corylophilum (Kozlovskii el al., 1982) Chaetog1obosin C (315) P. auranliogriseum (Probst Me and Tamm, 1981) Paxilline (316) P. paxilli (Cole el al., 1974;OH Springer el ai., 1975) Me P. crustosum (Wilson et at., 1968;De Jesus et at., I 983a-c;Pitt, 1979b;Mantle et at., 1983); P. granutatum, P. viridicatum, P. aurantiogriseum (Ciegler and Pitt, 1970); P. puberutum (Wagener et at., 1980); P. duclauxii (Patterson et at., 1979); P. janczewskii (Mantle et at., 1978) Me Me OH Rl = H, R2 = OH: Janthitrem E (323) Rl = Ac, R2 = OH:Janthitrem F (324) Rl = Ac,.R 2 = H: Janthitrem G (325) o P. janthinellum (De Jesus et al, 1984) Herquline (326) (possibly from aromatic amino acid and intramolecular rearrangement) P. herquei (Furusaki et al, 1980) …”

Section: H Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillium and Acremonium

Peberdy¹

1987

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

v Foreword Biotechnology is a word that was originally coined to describe the new processes which could be derived from our ability to manipulate, in vitro, the genetic material common to all organisms. I t has now become a generic term encompassing all "applications" of living systems, including the more traditional fermentation and agricultural industries. Recombinant DNA technology has opened up new opportunities for the exploitation of microorganisms and animal and plant cells as producers or modifiers of chemical and biological products.This series of handbooks deals exclusively with microorganisms which are at the forefront of the new technologies and brings together in each of its volumes the background information necessary to appreciate the historical development of the organisms making up a particular genus, the degree to which molecular biology has opened up new opportunities, and the place they occupy in today's biotechnology industry. Our aim was to make this primarily a practical approach, with emphasis on methodology, combining for the first time information which has largely been spread across a wide literature base or only touched upon briefly in review articles. Each handbook should provide the reader with a source text, from which the importance of the genus to his or her work can be identified, and a practical guide to the handling and exploitation of the organisms included.It is perhaps apt that Volume I of the series should deal with a group of organisms involved in producing chemicals which have dominated the fermentation and pharmaceutical industries for the past forty years-the antibiotics. In terms of the degree to which molecular biology has made an impact on this genus to date, it is clear that the major rewards are still to come.

show abstract

Tremorgenic mycotoxins and incoordination syndromes

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Actions of Tremorgenic Fungal Toxins on Neurotransmitter Release

Actions of Tremorgenic Fungal Toxins on Neurotransmitter Release

Spinal cord degeneration in hound ataxia

Penicillium and Acremonium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About