Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)

Winkler, David W.; Hallinger, Kelly K.; Ardia, Daniel R.; Robertson, R. J.; Stutchbury, Bridget J. M.; Cohen, R. R.

doi:10.2173/bow.treswa.01

Cited by 54 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…These important nodes were the Midwest, the Dakotas, the Mid-Atlantic coast, South Florida, Louisiana, and East Mexico. Our study confirms sites previously identified as major non-breeding sites for Tree Swallows, such as Florida (Winkler et al 2011), Louisiana (Laughlin et al 2013), and East Mexico ); however, the major stopover sites we identified above were not previously recognized as important sites. Individuals from 5 of the 12 populations moved through the Midwest stopover node, coming from breeding regions with some of the highest indices of abundance, and moving to non-breeding nodes from East Mexico to South Florida.…”

Section: Prioritizing Regions For Optimal Conservationsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This ability to persist on bayberries may be why they can successfully spend the non-breeding season so far north. It also explains how one individual from Saukville remained along the Mid-Atlantic coast during the nonbreeding season, where small numbers of Tree Swallows were previously seen persisting on a diet of bayberries (Winkler et al 2011).…”

Section: Non-breeding Ecologymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Tree Swallows are small (~20 g) songbirds that occupy open habitats, often near bodies of water (Winkler et al 2011), where they forage for flying insects (Quinney andAnkney 1985, McCarty andWinkler 1999a). They have an extensive breeding distribution across northern and central North America where they nest in natural or previously excavated tree cavities (Dobkin et al 1995) and nest boxes (Holt andMartin 1997, Lawler andEdwards Jr. 2002).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These extended autumn stopovers averaged 58 d, and so individuals were clearly not using these sites solely for refueling (Alerstam 1991). Adults finish breeding in June or July (Winkler et al 2011), depart the breeding grounds within 1-2 weeks after fledging young (additional analysis of geolocator data; all authors, unpublished data), and then migrate directly to stopover sites where they likely complete a full molt from mid-July to early November (Stutchbury and Rohwer 1990). These autumn stopover sites may, therefore, be more appropriately called short-term molting, or short-term residency, sites (Stach et al 2012, Tøttrup et al 2012, Arlt et al 2015.…”

Section: Stopover Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, unlike other North American swallows, such as the Purple Martin (Progne subis), that spend the non-breeding period in South America and complete molt on the non-breeding grounds (Niles 1972), the harsher northern climate may pose an energetic constraint, forcing Tree Swallows to complete molt before reaching the non-breeding grounds (Stutchbury and Rohwer 1990). They also do not complete their molt on the breeding grounds, but it is unlikely they experience severe time constraints that would prevent this from occurring because Tree Swallows typically finish breeding relatively early in the summer (Winkler et al 2011). Rather, it seems that Tree Swallows congregate at autumn roosting sites during molt, which has the benefit of reducing predation risk and thus energetic demand during this long molt period.…”

Section: Stopover Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constructing and evaluating a continent‐wide migratory songbird network across the annual cycle

Knight

Bradley

Clark

et al. 2018

Ecological Monographs

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Determining how migratory animals are spatially connected between breeding and non‐breeding periods is essential for predicting the effects of environmental change and for developing optimal conservation strategies. Yet, despite recent advances in tracking technology, we lack comprehensive information on the spatial structure of migratory networks across a species’ range, particularly for small‐bodied, long‐distance migratory animals. We constructed a migratory network for a songbird and used network‐based metrics to characterize the spatial structure and prioritize regions for conservation. The network was constructed using year‐round movements derived from 133 archival light‐level geolocators attached to Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) originating from 12 breeding sites across their North American breeding range. From these breeding sites, we identified 10 autumn stopover nodes (regions) in North America, 13 non‐breeding nodes located around the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, Florida, and the Caribbean, and 136 unique edges (migratory routes) connecting nodes. We found strong migratory connectivity between breeding and autumn stopover sites and moderate migratory connectivity between the breeding and non‐breeding sites. We identified three distinct “communities” of nodes that corresponded to western, central, and eastern North American flyways. Several regions were important for maintaining network connectivity, with South Florida and Louisiana as the top ranked non‐breeding nodes and the Midwest as the top ranked stopover node. We show that migratory songbird networks can have both a high degree of mixing between seasons yet still show regionally distinct migratory flyways. Such information will be crucial for accurately predicting factors that limit and regulate migratory songbirds throughout the annual cycle. Our study highlights how network‐based metrics can be valuable for identifying overall network structure and prioritizing specific regions within a network for conserving a wide variety of migratory animals.

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Section: Prioritizing Regions For Optimal Conservationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Non-breeding Ecologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stopover Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stopover Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constructing and evaluating a continent‐wide migratory songbird network across the annual cycle

Knight

Bradley

Clark

et al. 2018

Ecological Monographs

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Interacting effects of cold snaps, rain, and agriculture on the fledging success of a declining aerial insectivore

Garrett

Pelletier

Garant

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Climate change predicts the increased frequency, duration, and intensity of inclement weather periods such as unseasonably low temperatures (i.e., cold snaps) and prolonged precipitation. Many migratory species have advanced the phenology of important life history stages and, as a result, are likely to be exposed to these periods of inclement spring weather more often, therefore risking reduced fitness and population growth. For declining avian species, including aerial insectivores, anthropogenic landscape changes such as agricultural intensification are another driver of population declines. These landscape changes may affect the foraging ability of food provisioning parents and reduce the survival of nestlings exposed to inclement weather through, for example, pesticide exposure impairing thermoregulation and punctual anorexia. Breeding in agro-intensive landscapes may therefore exacerbate the negative effects of inclement weather under climate change. We observed that a significant reduction in the availability of insect prey occurred when daily maximum temperatures fell below 18.3 C, and thereby defined any day when the maximum temperature fell below this value as a day witnessing a cold snap. We then combined daily information on the occurrence of cold snaps and measures of precipitation to assess their impact on the fledging success of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) occupying a nest box system placed across a gradient of agricultural intensification. Estimated fledging success of this declining aerial insectivore was 36.2% lower for broods experiencing 4 coldsnap days during the 12 days post-hatching period versus broods experiencing none, and this relationship was worsened when facing more precipitation. We further found that the overall negative effects of a brood experiencing periods of inclement weather was exacerbated in more agro-intensive landscapes. Our results indicate that two of the primary hypothesized drivers of many avian population declines may interact to further increase the rate of declines in certain landscape contexts.

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Assessing age, breeding stage, and mating activity as drivers of variation in the reproductive microbiome of female tree swallows

Hernandez

Hucul

Reasor

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Constructing and evaluating a continent‐wide migratory songbird network across the annual cycle

Constructing and evaluating a continent‐wide migratory songbird network across the annual cycle

Interacting effects of cold snaps, rain, and agriculture on the fledging success of a declining aerial insectivore

Assessing age, breeding stage, and mating activity as drivers of variation in the reproductive microbiome of female tree swallows

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