Tree species diversity and forest structure in relation to microtopography in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana

Koponen, Piia; Nygren, Pekka; Sabatier, Daniel; Roustéau, Alain; Saur, E.

doi:10.1023/b:vege.0000026328.98628.b8

Cited by 56 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In contrast, basal areas at the interior sites (5 and 10 m 2 ha -1 , although the lowest value was from the sawgrass site lacking a continuous forest canopy) are low in comparison to the lower range reported from other sites, including 22 m 2 ha -1 in seasonally flooded evergreen forest in Brazil (Haase 1999) and 29 m 2 ha -1 in fresh water swamps in Micronesia (Allen et al 2005). The differences in basal area among sites with contrasting nutrient availability presented here were generally greater than changes in tree basal reported previously on contrasting mineral soils types (Allen et al 2005) or under different flooding regimes (Koponen et al 2004). Within the peatland, species composition and basal area changed markedly over a relatively short distance and in parallel with considerable changes in nutrient status.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

“…For example, the low diversity in San San Pond Sak is similar to that in forested wetlands in Mexico (Shannon index 1.95; Moreno-Casasola et al 2009) and lowland forest swamp in Costa Rica (Shannon index 1.99-2.56; Webb and Peralta 1998). The basal area in the R. taedigera swamp (site 1) was high (103 m 2 ha -1 , but note that this was a slight overestimation due to the multi-stemmed growth form) compared to previous reports of tropical forest swamps, including 80 m 2 ha -1 in French Guiana (Koponen et al 2004) and 63-58 m 2 ha -1 in Kalimantan, Indonesia (Page et al 1999). In contrast, basal areas at the interior sites (5 and 10 m 2 ha -1 , although the lowest value was from the sawgrass site lacking a continuous forest canopy) are low in comparison to the lower range reported from other sites, including 22 m 2 ha -1 in seasonally flooded evergreen forest in Brazil (Haase 1999) and 29 m 2 ha -1 in fresh water swamps in Micronesia (Allen et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Biogeochemical processes along a nutrient gradient in a tropical ombrotrophic peatland

et al. 2010

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Biogeochemical properties, including nutrient concentrations, carbon gas fluxes, microbial biomass, and hydrolytic enzyme activities, were determined along a strong nutrient gradient in an ombrotrophic peatland in the Republic of Panama. Total phosphorus in surface peat decreased markedly along a 2.7 km transect from the marginal Raphia taedigera swamp to the interior sawgrass swamp, with similar trends in total nitrogen and potassium. There were parallel changes in the forest structure: basal area decreased dramatically from the margins to the interior, while tree diversity was greatest at sites with extremely low concentrations of readily-exchangeable phosphate. Soil microbial biomass concentrations declined in parallel with nutrient concentrations, although microbes consistently contained a large proportion (up to 47%) of the total soil phosphorus. Microbial C:P and N:P ratios and hydrolytic enzyme activities, including those involved in the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, increased towards the nutrient-poor wetland interior, indicating strong belowground nutrient limitation. Soil CO 2 fluxes and CH 4 fluxes did not vary systematically along the nutrient gradient, although potential soil respiration determined on drained soils was lower from nutrient-poor sites. Soil respiration responded strongly to drainage and increased temperature. Taken together, our results demonstrate that nutrient status exerts a strong control on above and below-ground processes in tropical peatlands with implications for carbon dynamics and hence long term development of such ecosystems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 37%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Biogeochemical processes along a nutrient gradient in a tropical ombrotrophic peatland

et al. 2010

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“…No presente estudo, variações quanto à saturação hídrica também são condicionadas pelas diferenças topográficas ao longo do declive e 26 espécies (53%) foram verificadas apenas nos Gleissolos Háplicos, temporariamente inundados, enquanto três espécies (6%) foram amostradas apenas nos Neossolos Flúvicos, permanentemente saturados. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que variações florísticas em trechos contínuos nas zonas ciliares são geralmente relacionadas com variações no regime de inundação (Conner et al 1981, Dunn & Stearns 1987, Ferreira 2000, Ferreira & Stohlgren 1999, Sampaio et al 2000, Cattanio et al 2002, Koponen et al 2004. Por outro lado, condições homogêneas impostas pela água na Tabela 3.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Caracterização florística e fitossociológica do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de uma floresta paludosa no Município de Rio Claro (SP), Brasil

Teixeira¹,

Assis²

2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Floristic and phytosociological characterization of the arboreal and shruby stratum of a swamp forest in Rio Claro (SP), Brazil). The flora and structure of a swamp forest occurring in a declivity in the municipality of Rio Claro, SP, was characterized in order to compare its floristic composition with other swamp forests in the countryside of São Paulo state. The trees (CBH ≥15 cm) were censused in 45 plots of 10 m × 10 m (0.45 ha). A total of 1,651 living plants in 49 species and 30 families were found. The diversity index (H') for species was 2.10 nats.individual -1 , whereas the equability (J) was 0.54. The most important species (IV) were Euterpe edulis Mart., Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Talauma ovata A. St.-Hill., Cedrela odorata L., Dendropanax cuneatum Decne & Planch., and Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engl. The high number of species found in this study can be related with different flooding intensities through the declivity, whereas the low floristic diversity was associated with a high relative density of few species, e.g. E. edulis (41%). The floristic comparison between swamp forests showed that: i) Calophyllum brasiliense, Cedrela odorata, Dendropanax cuneatum, Protium almecega, Styrax pohlii A. DC., Talauma ovata, and Tapirira guianensis Aubl. compose an important group of dominating species that determine a structural resemblance between the swamp forests in the countryside of São Paulo state; ii) the flora of these forests is very variable, with a large number of exclusive species in only one forest. The results indicates that each fragment of swamp forest besides being very important for occurrence of the populations associated to hidromorphic soils and presents floristic peculiarities that altogether, in a high scale, improve the great diversity.Key words -floristic, phytosociology, swamp forest, tropical forest RESUMO -(Caracterização florística e fitossociológica do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de uma floresta paludosa no Município de Rio Claro (SP), Brasil). As florestas paludosas ocupam geralmente porções planas de várzeas e fundos de vale. Caracterizou-se a flora e a estrutura de uma floresta paludosa estabelecida sobre um declive acentuado no Município de Rio Claro, SP, visando à comparação florística dessa floresta com outras florestas paludosas estudadas no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os indivíduos (PAP ≥ 15 cm) foram amostrados em 45 parcelas de 10 m × 10 m (0,45 ha). Foram encontrados 1.651 indivíduos vivos, pertencentes a 49 espécies e 30 famílias. O índice de diversidade (H') para as espécies foi de 2,10 nats.indivíduo -1 e a eqüabilidade (J) foi de 0,54. As espécies mais importantes (em VI) foram Euterpe edulis Mart., Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Talauma ovata A. St.-Hill., Cedrela odorata L., Dendropanax cuneatum Decne & Planch. e Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engl. O elevado número de espécies, em comparação com as outras florestas, pode ser atribuído aos diferentes períodos de saturação hídrica determinados pelo desnível topográfico, enquanto a baixa dive...

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“…Based on modern tropical analogues (Gentry 1982;Valencia et al 1994;Condit et al 1996Condit et al , 2002Condit et al , 2005Wright 2002;Hubbell et al 2008;Lamarre et al 2012), habitat quality is higher in terra firma lowland environments than in swamps (Prance 1979(Prance , 1989Terborgh et al 2002, fig. 1.2; Koponen et al 2004;Lopez and Kursar 2007). That is, they have higher nutrient availability, better oxygenation of soils, and lower levels of physical stress.…”

Section: Pennsylvanian Lowland Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

DiMichele¹

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

152

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Premise of research. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age was the last extensive pre-Pleistocene ice age. It includes many climate changes of different intensities, permitting examination of many and varied biotic responses. The tropical Pennsylvanian Subperiod, usually visualized as one vast wetland coal forest, in fact also was dominated, periodically, by seasonally dry vegetation that, in turn, covered most of the central and western Pangean supercontinent. Equatorial wetland and dryland biomes oscillated during single glacial-interglacial cycles. This recognition changes understanding of the Coal Age tropics; examination of their spatiotemporal patterns indicates that these vegetation types responded differently to global environmental disturbances and long-term trends and points to potentially different underlying controls on evolutionary histories of their component lineages.Methodology. This study is based on the published literature and on examination of geological exposures and fossil floras, mainly from North America but also from other parts of the world.Pivotal results. Wetlands and seasonally dry habitats were equally part of the Coal Age Pangean tropics. They dominated these landscapes at different times, under different climatic regimes. Wetland vegetation was likely forced into refugia during seasonally dry (subhumid to semiarid) parts of glacial-interglacial cycles; it reemerged/reassembled during wet (humid to perhumid) periods. Seasonally dry vegetation resided permanently in areas of western and central Pangea and in microhabitats within the Central Pangean Mountains. Both floras had lower biodiversity than modern floras in similar habitats. The wetland flora species pool was more phylogenetically disparate than any modern vegetation. In contrast, seasonally dry floras were dominated by seed plants. These biomes responded differently to acute environmental changes and chronic long-term aridification.Conclusions. From ecological or evolutionary perspectives, the present-day world is but one possibility. Lower-diversity worlds such as the late Paleozoic, with a rich spectrum of environmental variations, offer insights into relationships between organisms and environments that expand understanding of these phenomena and enlarge our sense of what is possible or probable as we look to the future.

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Tree species diversity and forest structure in relation to microtopography in a tropical freshwater swamp forest in French Guiana

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Biogeochemical processes along a nutrient gradient in a tropical ombrotrophic peatland

Biogeochemical processes along a nutrient gradient in a tropical ombrotrophic peatland

Caracterização florística e fitossociológica do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de uma floresta paludosa no Município de Rio Claro (SP), Brasil

Wetland-Dryland Vegetational Dynamics in the Pennsylvanian Ice Age Tropics

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