Tree Size Dependence of Litter Production, and Above-ground Net Production in a Young Hinoki (<i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i>) stand

Adu‐Bredu, Stephen; Yokota, Taketo; Ogawa, Kazuharu; Hagihara, Akio

doi:10.1007/bf02348260

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“… Relationship of litter production per tree, w D , to stem cross‐sectional area at the crown base, A B (Adu‐Bredu et al . 1997a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miyaura and Hozumi (1985) found that litter fall in 25-yearold hinoki trees was approximately proportional to the mass of living leaves. Adu-Bredu et al (1997a) compared the relationships of litter to stem crosssectional areas at the crown base and d.b.h. They came to the conclusion that litter production is better predicted from the crown base dimension.…”

Section: Net Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term carbon budget of the above‐ground parts of a young hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

Adu‐Bredu

Hagihara

2003

Ecological Research

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The carbon budget of the above‐ground parts of a young hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand was analyzed over a 4‐year period to evaluate trends in changes in carbon use efficiency and growth conversion (biosynthetic) efficiency with stand development. Litter production of the stand was estimated from the stem cross‐sectional area at the crown base. A biomass increment was estimated using the stem volume of individual trees in the stand, measured at monthly intervals. Net production, estimated from litter production and the biomass increment, was 7.40, 8.44, 8.45 and 8.29 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for Years I–IV, respectively. The respiration rate of the entire above‐ground parts of selected sample trees were measured at monthly intervals using the enclosed whole‐tree method. The Q10 value of respiration decreased with increasing air temperature. Respiration rate was partitioned into growth and maintenance components using a two‐component functional model. The maintenance respiration coefficient increased in the following order: winter, spring, autumn and summer. The maintenance respiration coefficient also decreased with either stand development or age for all seasons. The growth respiration coefficient, which did not vary with stand development, was 0.69 ± 0.08 (mean ± SE), 0.61 ± 0.03, 0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.67 ± 0.07 g C g−1 C for winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. The growth conversion efficiency of the stand was 0.76, 0.72, 0.72 and 0.75 for Years I–IV, respectively. Carbon use efficiency was estimated to be 0.58, 0.57, 0.54 and 0.53 for Years I–IV, respectively. The hypothesis that respiration reduces productivity in old stands could not be validated for this hinoki stand.

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“… Relationship of litter production per tree, w D , to stem cross‐sectional area at the crown base, A B (Adu‐Bredu et al . 1997a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Net Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term carbon budget of the above‐ground parts of a young hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

Adu‐Bredu

Hagihara

2003

Ecological Research

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“…Because of this low profitability and a general shortage of forestry workers, more and more plantations have been left untended and unharvested (Iwamoto, 2002). These untended plantations, particularly, hinoki, develop dense stands that tend to exclude understory vegetation and produce only small amounts of litter that are concentrated in the late autumn, and which break down and are easily transported downslope (Sakai and Inoue, 1988;Adu-Bredu et al, 1997). Thus, as unthinned hinoki stands increase in age, ground cover may become more sparse (Miura et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hortonian overland flow from Japanese forest plantations—an aberration, the real thing, or something in between?

Sidle

Hirano

Gomi

et al. 2007

Hydrological Processes

111

102

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There is a growing opinion that poorly managed plantation forests in Japan are contributing to increased storm runoff and erosion. Here we present evidence to the contrary from runoff plots at two scales (hillslope and 0·5 × 2 m plots) for several forest conditions in the Mie and Nariki catchments. Runoff coefficients from small plots in untended hinoki forests were variable but typically higher than from better managed or deciduous forests during small storms at Nariki; at Mie, runoff during small events was highly variable from all small plots but runoff coefficients were similar for hinoki plots with and without understory vegetation, while the deciduous plot had lower runoff coefficients. Storm runoff was less at the hillslope scale than the plot scale in Mie; these results were more evident at sites with better ground cover. During the largest storms at both sites, differences in runoff due to forest condition were not evident regardless of scale. Dynamic soil moisture tension measurements at Nariki indicated that during a large storm, flow in the upper organic-rich and root-permeated soil horizons was 3·2 times higher than measured overland runoff from a small hinoki plot with poor ground cover and 8·3 times higher than runoff from a deciduous forest plot. On the basis of field observations during storms, at least a portion of the monitored 'Hortonian overland flow' was actually occurring in this near-surface 'biomat'. Therefore our field measurements in both small and large plots potentially included biomat flow in addition to short-lived Hortonian runoff. Because overland flow decreased with increasing scale, rill erosion did not occur on hillslopes. Additionally, runoff coefficients were not significantly different among cover conditions during large storms; thus, the 'degraded' forest conditions appear not to greatly enhance peak flows or erosion potential at larger scales, especially when biomat flow is significant.

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“…Grigg and Mulligan (1999) found that accumulated litter load beneath canopies of Acacia salicina was strongly related to stem basal diameter ( r 2 = 0.59), but did not quantify spatial variation under individual crowns. Abu‐Bredu et al. (1997) found that litter production by crowns in a young Chamaecyparis obtusa stand was strongly related to stem basal area ( r 2 = 0.81).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in litter under individual tree crowns: Implications for scattered tree ecosystems

et al. 2010

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In forest ecosystems litter is usually assessed in terms of the average amount produced by the canopy. In scattered tree ecosystems this approach is problematic because the canopy is discontinuous and the spatial arrangement of litter highly variable. We addressed this problem by quantifying the spatial variation in litter load and litter composition associated with individual trees in a Eucalyptus melliodora -Eucalyptus blakelyi woodland. Litter was sampled under crowns and in grassland adjacent to 10 E. blakelyi and 10 E. melliodora trees ranging in diameter at breast height (dbh) from 14 to 129 cm. A total of 302 L samples were collected from these trees, at distances ranging from 0 to 42 m from main stem. The sampled litter loads ranged from 0.02 to 109.3 t ha -1 and were significantly higher under tree crowns than in grassland for litter and each component of litter (leaves, bark, fine twigs, coarse twigs). In particular, the mean litter load under tree crowns (12.5 t ha -1 ) was an order of magnitude higher than the mean litter load in grassland (1.27 t ha -1 ). There was a significant (P = 0.0103) positive relationship between mean litter load under the tree crown and dbh, indicating larger trees produced more litter per unit area of ground than smaller trees. Generalized Linear Modelling produced highly significant (P < 0.0001) models predicting the spatial variation in litter load and litter composition in terms of distance from main stem and dbh. Our models demonstrate gradients in litter load and composition under tree crowns. These gradients were most pronounced for the large trees in our study. The disproportionate input of litter and variety of litter components associated with large trees in our study supports their keystone role in scattered tree ecosystems and highlights the need to maintain these structures in agricultural landscapes.

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Tree Size Dependence of Litter Production, and Above-ground Net Production in a Young Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Long‐term carbon budget of the above‐ground parts of a young hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

Long‐term carbon budget of the above‐ground parts of a young hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) stand

Hortonian overland flow from Japanese forest plantations—an aberration, the real thing, or something in between?

Variation in litter under individual tree crowns: Implications for scattered tree ecosystems

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