Tree Root Ecology in the Urban Environment and Implications for a Sustainable Rhizosphere

Day, Susan D.; Wiseman, P. Eric; Dickinson, Sarah; Harris, J. Roger

doi:10.48044/jauf.2010.026

Cited by 91 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Garlic and onions have been known to have medicinal properties since ancient times [1]. Garlic and onions are both vegetables that act as antioxidants due to chemical properties [7]. Onion extracts can be used to nurse and prevent certain fungal and bacterial infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Onion (Allium cepa) on an Aluminum induced kidney damage of a Wister Rat

Okolo¹

2022

J. Sci. Innov. Res.

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Several researches have been done to find out the effects of plant materials on the human body. This research was done to finds out some questions: does aqueous extract of garlic and onions have an effect on the microanatomy of the kidneys of a Wister rat? Does onion and garlic have an effect on the body and weight of the Wister rat? During this research we were able to collect the plant materials and animals. Using the crude method, we extracted the aqueous form of the plant materials and stored them for administration. We also grouped the animals into 6 groups where we administered the aqueous form of the plants and metal to them. After 8 days the animals were sacrificed by Cervical dislocation and blood was collected from their eyes. The kidneys were also removed and placed in boudin’s fluid for histological preparation, observation, and morphological studies. This research some limitations like; financial limitations and limited data. At the end of the Garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) had no significant effect on the aluminum induced kidney damage of the wistar rat. Further studies should be done to further investigate the effects of Gatlic and Onion on the kidneys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species of onion in the Allium genus. The onion, shallot, leek, chive, and Chinese onion are close relatives [7]. It is classified as a vegetable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Onion (Allium cepa) on an Aluminum induced kidney damage of a Wister Rat

Okolo¹

2022

J. Sci. Innov. Res.

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“…Despite this pivotal role of ECM symbiosis, planning practices fail at integrating plant–plant ECM interconnexion through CMNs in urban design. At the individual level first, urbanization imposes to belowground counterparts of trees undersized dedicated soil volumes in compartmentalized planting pits ( Day et al, 2010 ; Figure 3A ). At the plant population/community level, the organization of cities constrains root development patterns along green linearities bordering transport networks ( Levinson, 2012 ), anthropic pipelines (e.g., electrical, water, internet; Galle et al, 2019 ), and carriageway stabilizing materials ( Randrup et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Ecm Common Mycorrhizal Network In Urban Soils: Headache In A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal Networks in the Anthropocene: From Natural Ecosystems to Urban Planning

Authier

Violle²,

Richard³

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Trees acquire hydric and mineral soil resources through root mutualistic associations. In most boreal, temperate and Mediterranean forests, these functions are realized by a chimeric structure called ectomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are highly diversified and vary widely in their specificity toward plant hosts. Reciprocally, association patterns of ECM plants range from highly specialist to generalist. As a consequence, ECM symbiosis creates interaction networks, which also mediate plant–plant nutrient interactions among different individuals and drive plant community dynamics. Our knowledge of ECM networks essentially relies on a corpus acquired in temperate ecosystems, whereas the below-ground facets of both anthropogenic ECM forests and inter-tropical forests remain poorly investigated. Here, we successively (1) review the current knowledge of ECM networks, (2) examine the content of early literature produced in ECM cultivated forests, (3) analyze the recent progress that has been made in understanding the place of ECM networks in urban soils, and (4) provide directions for future research based on the identification of knowledge gaps. From the examined corpus of knowledge, we reach three main conclusions. First, the emergence of metabarcoding tools has propelled a resurgence of interest in applying network theory to ECM symbiosis. These methods revealed an unexpected interconnection between mutualistic plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) herbaceous plants, embedding ECM mycelia through root-endophytic interactions. This affinity of ECM fungi to bind VA and ECM plants, raises questions on the nature of the associated functions. Second, despite the central place of ECM trees in cultivated forests, little attention has been paid to these man-made landscapes and in-depth research on this topic is lacking. Third, we report a lag in applying the ECM network theory to urban soils, despite management initiatives striving to interconnect motile organisms through ecological corridors, and the highly challenging task of interconnecting fixed organisms in urban greenspaces is discussed. In particular, we observe a pauperized nature of resident ECM inoculum and a spatial conflict between belowground human pipelines and ECM networks. Finally, we identify the main directions of future research to make the needed link between the current picture of plant functioning and the understanding of belowground ECM networks.

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“…It is not known how urban conditions such as soil compaction or limited soil volume might affect the accuracy of allometric equations developed to estimate woody root biomass in native ecosystems (e.g., Li et al, 2003). In addition to root biomass losses to herbivores, human landscaping or construction activities might lead to further losses of root biomass or impact root exudates (Day et al, 2010).…”

Section: Challenges: Sources Of Error and Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban net primary production: Concepts, field methods, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA case study

Sonti

Groffman

Nowak

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Given the large and increasing amount of urban, suburban, and exurban land use on Earth, there is a need to accurately assess net primary productivity (NPP) of urban ecosystems. However, the heterogeneous and dynamic urban mosaic presents challenges to the measurement of NPP, creating landscapes that may appear more similar to a savanna than to the native landscape replaced. Studies of urban biomass have tended to focus on one type of vegetation (e.g., lawns or trees). Yet a focus on the ecology of the city should include the entire urban ecosystem rather than the separate investigation of its parts. Furthermore, few studies have attempted to measure urban aboveground NPP (ANPP) using field‐based methods. Most studies project growth rates from measurements of tree diameter to estimate annual ANPP or use remote sensing approaches. In addition, field‐based methods for measuring NPP do not address any special considerations for adapting such field methods to urban landscapes. Frequent planting and partial or complete removal of herbaceous and woody plants can make it difficult to accurately quantify increments and losses of plant biomass throughout an urban landscape. In this study, we review how ANPP of urban landscapes can be estimated based on field measurements, highlighting the challenges specific to urban areas. We then estimated ANPP of woody and herbaceous vegetation over a 15‐year period for Baltimore, MD, USA using a combination of plot‐based field data and published values from the literature. Baltimore's citywide ANPP was estimated to be 355.8 g m−2, a result that we then put into context through comparison with other North American Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and mean annual precipitation. We found our estimate of Baltimore citywide ANPP to be only approximately half as much (or less) than ANPP at forested LTER sites of the eastern United States, and more comparable to grassland, oldfield, desert, or boreal forest ANPP. We also found that Baltimore had low productivity for its level of precipitation. We conclude with a discussion of the significance of accurate assessment of primary productivity of urban ecosystems and critical future research needs.

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Tree Root Ecology in the Urban Environment and Implications for a Sustainable Rhizosphere

Cited by 91 publications

References 163 publications

Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Onion (Allium cepa) on an Aluminum induced kidney damage of a Wister Rat

Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Onion (Allium cepa) on an Aluminum induced kidney damage of a Wister Rat

Ectomycorrhizal Networks in the Anthropocene: From Natural Ecosystems to Urban Planning

Urban net primary production: Concepts, field methods, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA case study

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