Tree hollows and forest stand structure in Australian warm temperate Eucalyptus forests are adversely affected by logging more than wildfire

McLean, Christopher M.; Bradstock, Ross A.; Price, Owen; Kavanagh, Rodney P.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.12.023

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Such events may cause an increase in damage to stems and death of individuals causing an initial increase in hollow number. However, the synergistic increase in the severity of droughts and fires are likely to reduce the number of older stems within stands through death and collapse [24,[38][39][40]. Climate change is likely to cause a geographic shift in the optimum zone for hollow resources within northeast and western NSW but only if species replacement through dispersion and colonisation is allowed to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Climate Drives the Number of Tree Hollows in Eastern Australia: Implications of a Changing Climate

Hunter

2015

International Journal of Ecology

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Tree hollow number is investigated across an altitudinal and climatic gradient in eastern Australia. The relationship between seasonal climate and local site factors to hollow number at a regional scale was investigated. Moisture retention, rainfall, and solar radiation during the summer period were the highest contributing factors to hollow number in the model presented. The relationship of hollow number with the significant variables was unimodal in nature with either extreme causing a decline within the region. The results indicate that increased seasonality of rainfall, solar radiation, and temperatures as predicted by anthropogenic climate change will cause a shift in the optimal location for hollow number. Change in tree hollows is reliant on taxonomic replacement through dispersal and establishment and subsequently time to allow individuals to mature. The reduction in this resource stimulated by changes in seasonality predicted within the ensuing decades is likely to cause a loss of hollows across the landscape with the resource not being replaced for hundreds of years. The number of hollows within a landscape may drastically reduce due to climate change alone irrespective of tree clearing rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Climate Drives the Number of Tree Hollows in Eastern Australia: Implications of a Changing Climate

Hunter

2015

International Journal of Ecology

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“…Thus, there is a relationship between the presence of hollow stems and DBH in all three forest types. Living trees with hollow stems or rotten cores occur in all types of terrestrial forests, and some previous studies have quantified the hollowness of tree stems (e.g., Wormington and Lamb 1999;Chambers et al 2001;Koch et al 2008;Nogueira et al 2006;N'Dri et al 2014;McLean et al 2015;Zheng et al 2016), including trees in the mixed dipterocarp forests in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia (Trockenbrodt et al 2002;Heineman et al 2015). There are previous reports of trees with hollow stems in the peat swamp forests in Sarawak and Brunei (Anderson 1961(Anderson , 1972Whitmore 1975;Yamada 1997), but there are a few quantitative studies of trees with hollow stems in these forests (Monda et al 2015).…”

Section: Relationship Between Stem Hollowness and Tree Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Association of growth and hollow stem development in Shorea albida trees in a tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia

Monda

Kiyono

Chaddy³

et al. 2018

Trees

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Key message Shorea albida trees, which grow in oligotrophic tropical peat swamp forests, invest less in defense than growth, and therefore develop tall hollow stems that regrow after breakage. Abstract The tropical peat swamp forests of Sarawak, Malaysia are low-nutrient soils, but nonetheless have tall Shorea albida trees. Most of these large trees have hollow stems and broken crowns. We examined tree morphology to determine how this species develops and maintains tall above-ground parts in oligotrophic peat soils. We measured hollow diameter at breast height (D hollow ), tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and height of breakage of 81 trees. Destructive sampling was also conducted for seven trees, and these data were used to determine wood density and both hollow diameter and stem diameter per meter height. All sampled trees developed hollow trunks before they reach the canopy layer. Linear regression of D hollow on DBH indicated that the radial expansion rate of the hollow was slightly less than the thickening growth. Stem breakage and crown breakage reduced tree height, but most broken trees regrew from pre-existing upper branches or by epicormic branching. These results suggest that S. albida trees devote more resources to growth than defense, and therefore become large with hollow stems.

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“…In Australia, about 15% of native vertebrate animal species make use of, or rely upon, tree hollows and clearing of woodlands and forests has contributed to faunal declines, with a third of hollow-using species presently threatened (Gibbons and Lindenmayer 2002). Tree hollows most frequently occur in old and dead trees and their formation is stimulated by external factors, such as fire, disease or insect infestation (Wormington and Lamb 1999, Eyre 2005, Koch et al 2008, Haslem et al 2012, McLean et al 2015. Tree size and species can also affect hollow formation (Inions et al 1989, Wormington et al 2003, Rayner et al 2014.…”

Section: Deep Tree Hollows: Important Refuges From Extreme Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep tree hollows: important refuges from extreme temperatures

O’Connell

Keppel

2016

Wildlife Biology

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Tree hollows constitute crucial habitats for fauna and can bufer ambient environmental conditions. he latter property should be especially relevant during extreme weather conditions, which are forecast to increase under anthropogenic climate change. We investigated the bufering capacity of Eucalyptus oleosa F.Muell. ex Miq. subsp. oleosa tree hollows in semi-arid southern Australia for 28 days under a wide range of ambient temperatures. Tree hollows provided more stable microclimates than ambient conditions, maintaining lower temperatures and higher humidity during the day and higher temperatures and lower humidity during the night. Daytime bufering capacity increased slightly with depth and we recorded a maximum bufering of 15.1°C below ambient temperatures. Maximum day time bufering capacity increased at a rate of approximately 0.6°C per 1°C increase in ambient temperature, meaning that maximum bufering capacity was reached during the hottest periods. he high bufering capacity of tree hollows suggests that old trees with deep hollows are important in facilitating the persistence of fauna during extreme weather events. herefore, protecting old-growth forests and vegetation remnants that are rich in tree hollows is an important strategy for mitigating the impact of climate change on fauna.

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Tree hollows and forest stand structure in Australian warm temperate Eucalyptus forests are adversely affected by logging more than wildfire

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

Seasonality of Climate Drives the Number of Tree Hollows in Eastern Australia: Implications of a Changing Climate

Seasonality of Climate Drives the Number of Tree Hollows in Eastern Australia: Implications of a Changing Climate

Association of growth and hollow stem development in Shorea albida trees in a tropical peat swamp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia

Deep tree hollows: important refuges from extreme temperatures

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