Tree growth and stand development in short-rotation Populus plantings: 7-year results for two clones at three spacings

DeBell, Dean S.; Clendenen, Gary W.; Harrington, Constance A.; Zasada, John C.

doi:10.1016/0961-9534(96)00020-7

Cited by 79 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Populus spp. stem biomass in the Pacific Northwest, USA ranged from 7.6 to 17.1 Mg ha À1 yr À1 (DeBell et al, 1996); values reported were green weights, and assuming roughly 50% wood water content, these values are similar to those recorded in our study. Aboveground (stem + branch) biomass of the fastest growing Populus selections in the midwestern USA ranged from 8.0 to 24.5 Mg ha À1 yr À1 after at least 8 growing seasons (Zalesny et al, 2009) The largest irrigated sycamore accrued over 9.3 Mg ha À1 yr À1 of stem biomass in our study, similar to that of previously reported growth rates of sycamore in the southeastern USA, where growth ranged from 2.4 to 14.5 Mg ha À1 yr À1 (see Coyle and Coleman, 2005;Davis and Trettin, 2006;Henderson and Jose, 2010).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Optimal nitrogen application rates for three intensively-managed hardwood tree species in the southeastern USA

Coyle

Aubrey

Siry

et al. 2013

Forest Ecology and Management

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a b s t r a c tForest production can be limited by nutrient and water availability, and tree species are expected to respond differently to fertilization and irrigation. Despite these common expectations, multi-species comparisons are rare, especially ones implementing a range of fertilization rates crossed with irrigation. This study compares the response of three forest hardwood species to numerous nitrogen (N) fertilization levels and water availability using a novel non-replicated technique. A range of N levels was included to determine how N affected the growth response curve, and statistical procedures for comparing these non-linear response functions are presented. We used growth and yield data to calculate the Land Expectation Value (LEV) for these intensive management treatments, and to determine the optimal growing conditions (accounting for tree productivity and grower expenses). To accomplish these objectives, we used a series of cottonwood, sycamore, and sweetgum plots that received a range of N fertilization with or without irrigation. Regression is an economical approach to define treatment responses in large-scale experiments, and we recommend >3 treatment levels so the response of any single plot does not disproportionally influence the line. The non-replicated plots showed a strong positive N response below 150 kg N ha À1 yr À1, beyond which little response was observed. However, different amounts of fertilization were required for the greatest biomass accumulation rate in each tree species. Cottonwood and sycamore growth was optimized with less than 150 kg N ha À1 yr À1 while sweetgum growth was optimized with less than 100 kg N ha À1 yr À1. Results from this experiment should be representative of many of the nutrient-poor soils in the Coastal Plain in the southeastern USA. The LEVs were not positive for any treatment Â genotype combination tested when using irrigation or liquid fertilizer, but our analysis showed that several non-irrigated treatments in sycamore and sweetgum did result in positive LEVs when fertilized with granular urea.

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supporting

confidence: 77%

Optimal nitrogen application rates for three intensively-managed hardwood tree species in the southeastern USA

Coyle

Aubrey

Siry

et al. 2013

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…1 (Paris et al 2011). Nevertheless, the yearly yield obtained in the plantations in northern Italy are similar to those observed in boreal regions (central Europe, USA, and Canada) not affected by summer dryness (Armstrong et al 1999, DeBell et al 1996. Contrastingly, lower yearly productions were observed by Minotta & Muzzi (2007) and Pannacci et al (2009) year -1 in 6-year-old plantations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Field performance of poplar for bioenergy in southern Europe after two coppicing rotations: effects of clone and planting density

Matteo¹,

Sperandio²,

Verani³

2012

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionThe international discussion on the climate change and the hypothesis that it is determined also by the human activities fosters the renewable energy uses. Renewable energy uses play a key role to honor the commitments that Italy has signed with the European Commission in order to achieve by 2020 for the whole Europe: (i) a reduction of 20% in energy consumption; (ii) a reduction of 20% in CO2 emission compared to 1990; (iii) more than 20% of the total energy demand will come from renewable energy. The Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) is one of the measures indicated by the article 3.4 (additional activities) of the Kyoto Protocol (Schulze et al. 2002); they serve as feedstock for the pulp and paper industry but also can be established specifically to address the feedstock needs for energy or biofuel industry and to combat desertification processes. Among these, the woody biomass attracts great attention as a renewable energy and as alternative to fossil fuels (e.g., firewood, wood chips and pellets). The wood biomass production for energy has promising productive and environmental benefits, with a minor impact on food markets, and a significant potential to lower net CO2 emissions in the environment and improving the energy balance (Smith 1995, IPCC 2007, Muller 2009). SRF system is an intensive cultivation: the fast-growing hardwoods at high density are employed and the average period of rotation is less than 10 years (Rockwood et al. 2004). The Italian interest of SRF as a renewable energy began in the 1990s. Based on recent inventories (Bisoffi et al. 2008, Verani et al. 2009), the Italian surface of SRF was estimated around 7 000 hectares, mostly established in northern Italy, where the regional services of Lombardy, Veneto, Piedmont and Friuli released goods grants to establish and manage the SRF. Also European actions aimed to promote and extend the SRF since 2005 (Biomass Action Plan). Poplars (Populus spp.), especially modern hybrids, are well adapted to site conditions in Italy, and are the most common tree species used in SRF plantations (Paris et al. 2011) because they show great plasticity over a wide range of habitats. However, most regions in central Italy are affected by long summer dryness, resulting to be a suboptimal site for poplar cultivation, due to the very high water consumption of the woody crop in comparison with northern latitudes. For this reason some poplar clones were selected for growing in suboptimal sites of Italy.Other species for SRF, such as willow (Salix spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) are still under research assessment and are not commercially available yet (Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. 2007). This was because Robinia is strongly sensitive to water limiting; eucalypts are particularly sensitive to low winter temperatures; willows are also sensitive to water limitations. Indeed, they are currently used in others European country like Sweden (Mola-Yudegoa & Aronssonb 2008), Hungary (Ré...

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“…Biomass production increases as stocking density increases in intensively managed forest plantations even though individual stems are smaller (Bernardo et al, 1998;DeBell et al, 1996). For instance, when eucalyptus was grown for 41 months at 2.7 times the density, individual stem diameter decreased by 22%, while aboveground stand biomass increased 29% (Bernardo et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest production responses to irrigation and fertilization are not explained by shifts in allocation

Coyle¹,

Coleman²

2005

Forest Ecology and Management

142

118

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Production increases in intensively managed forests have been obtained by improving resource availability through water and nutrient amendments. Increased stem production has been attributed to shifts in growth from roots to shoot, and such shifts would have important implications for belowground carbon sequestration. We examined above and belowground growth and biomass accumulation and distribution in two eastern cottonwood clones and American sycamore receiving irrigation (I), fertilization (F), or irrigation + fertilization (IF) and compared with non-treated controls (C). Aboveground growth and biomass accumulation responded positively to both I and F in all genotypes. After three growing seasons, the largest trees were sycamore receiving the IF treatment, with a total mean annual biomass production of 9.4 Mg ha À1 yr À1. Total cottonwood mean annual biomass production in both clones was >5.0 Mg ha À1 yr À1 in the IF treatment. Aboveground biomass production was 6.3 and >3.1 Mg ha À1 yr À1 for sycamore and cottonwoods, respectively. Total root mass fraction was lower in high resource treatments and declined as stands aged. To compare allocation in trees of equal size, we used allometric relationships between above and belowground tissue. Allometric relationships between woody perennial tissues rarely differed among treatments. Improved resource availability caused large increases in growth and consequently accelerated development, but it had little effect on belowground allocation that was not explained by development. Reports of shifting belowground allocation due to soil resource availability must account for developmental effects if they are to accurately evaluate direct impacts of soil resources. #

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Tree growth and stand development in short-rotation Populus plantings: 7-year results for two clones at three spacings

Cited by 79 publications

References 12 publications

Optimal nitrogen application rates for three intensively-managed hardwood tree species in the southeastern USA

Optimal nitrogen application rates for three intensively-managed hardwood tree species in the southeastern USA

Field performance of poplar for bioenergy in southern Europe after two coppicing rotations: effects of clone and planting density

Forest production responses to irrigation and fertilization are not explained by shifts in allocation

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