Tree Diversity Drives Forest Stand Resistance to Natural Disturbances

Jactel, Hervé; Bauhus, Jürgen; Boberg, Johanna; Bonal, Damien; Castagneyrol, Bastien; Gardiner, Barry; González-Olabarría, José Ramón; Koricheva, Julia; Meurisse, Nicolas; Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.

doi:10.1007/s40725-017-0064-1

Cited by 351 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…Our findings suggest that forest management practices, based on tree species mixtures, would provide a complementary protection against ACGW, along the lines of the conservation biological control strategy (Barbosa 1998). As additional advantage of mixed-species forests represent a preventive method which might help to reduce the risk posed by other natural disturbances, including further biological invasions (Jactel et al 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Plant neighbour identity and invasive pathogen infection affect associational resistance to an invasive gall wasp

et al. 2017

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Theory predicts that mixed forests are more resistant to native pests than pure forests (i.e. associational resistance) because of reduced host accessibility and increased top-down control by natural enemies. Yet, whether the same mechanisms also apply to invasive pests remains to be verified. We tested the hypothesis of associational resistance against the invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW, Dryocosmus kuriphilus) by comparing ACGW infestation rates on chestnuts (Castanea sativa) in stands varying in species composition (chestnut alone or associated with oaks, pines or ashes). We investigated the effects of reduced chestnut density and frequency in mixed stands, as well as the effect of biotic interactions between ACGW, its parasitoids and the chestnut blight disease (caused by Cryphonectria parasitica). ACGW infestation rates were significantly lower in chestnut-oak and chestnut-ash mixtures than in pure chestnut stands and chestnut-pine mixtures. Infestation rate decreased with decreasing chestnut relative proportion. The composition of native parasitoid communities emerged from galls significantly differed between pure and mixed chestnut stands, but not the species richness or abundance of parasitoids. The abundance of the introduced parasitoid Torymus sinensis was not correlated with ACGW infestation rates and was independent of stand composition. Blight symptoms modified ACGW infestation rates with taller trees being preferred when they were asymptomatic but avoided when they presented blight disease damage. Our results suggest that conservation biological control based on tree species mixtures could contribute to reducing the damage of invasive forest pests.Excepting for the first and last authors, the order of authors is alphabetical.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Plant neighbour identity and invasive pathogen infection affect associational resistance to an invasive gall wasp

et al. 2017

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“…Although it is a common belief among foresters that forest monocultures are more susceptible to pest outbreaks and insect invasions than mixed forests, it has only recently been demonstrated, via meta-analyses, that tree species grown in pure stands are, on average, significantly more affected by insect herbivory than the same species grown in mixed stands (Jactel and Brockerhoff 2007;Castagneyrol et al 2014a;Guyot et al 2016;Jactel et al 2017). This phenomenon has been termed 'associational resistance' (Barbosa et al 2009).…”

Section: Effects Of Forest Tree Diversity On Pest Regulation Of Nativmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such disturbances appear to be increasing in frequency and intensity (e.g., Pachauri et al 2014;Brockerhoff and Liebhold 2017;Freer-Smith and Webber 2017) declines in biodiversity are likely to reduce forests' resistance to climate extremes (e.g., Isbell et al 2015) and to pests, pathogens, invasive species, and other disturbance factors (e.g., Jactel et al 2017), and to reduce the provision of ecosystem services in general (e.g., Vilà and Hulme 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

et al. 2017

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Forests are critical habitats for biodiversity and they are also essential for the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services that are important to human well-being. There is increasing evidence that biodiversity contributes to forest ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here we provide a review of forest ecosystem services including biomass production, habitat provisioning services, pollination, seed dispersal, resistance to wind storms, fire regulation and mitigation, pest regulation of native and invading insects, carbon sequestration, and cultural ecosystem services, in relation to forest type, structure and diversity. We also consider relationships between forest biodiversity and multifunctionality, and trade-offs among ecosystem services. We compare the concepts of ecosystem processes, functions and services to clarify their definitions. Our review of published studies indicates a lack of empirical studies that establish quantitative and causal relationships between forest biodiversity and many important ecosystem services. The literature is highly skewed; studies on provisioning of nutrition and energy, and on cultural services, delivered by mixed-species forests are under-represented. Planted forests offer ample opportunity for optimising their composition and diversity because replanting after harvesting is a recurring process. Planting mixed-species forests should be given more consideration as they are likely to provide a wider range of ecosystem services within the forest and for adjacent land uses. This review also serves as the introduction to this special issue of Biodiversity and Conservation on various aspects of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services.

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“…Within the general biodiversity-ecosystem functioning framework, a large body of research has been addressing associational effects of plant diversity on resistance to insect herbivores (Jactel et al, 2017;Moreira, Abdala-Roberts, Rasmann, Castagneyrol, & Mooney, 2016). Meta-analyses showed an overall lower level of insect damage in more diverse plant communities, both in agricultural (Letourneau et al, 2011) and forest ecosystems (Castagneyrol, Jactel, Vacher, Brockerhoff, & Koricheva, 2014;Jactel & Brockerhoff, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree diversity drives associational resistance to herbivory at both forest edge and interior

Guyot

Jactel

Imbaud

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Tree diversity is increasingly acknowledged as an important driver of insect herbivory. However, there is still a debate about the direction of associational effects that can range from associational resistance (i.e., less damage in mixed stands than in monocultures) to the opposite, associational susceptibility. Discrepancies among published studies may be due to the overlooked effect of spatially dependent processes such as tree location within forests. We addressed this issue by measuring crown defoliation and leaf damage made by different guilds of insect herbivores on oaks growing among conspecific versus heterospecific neighbors at forest edges versus interior, in two closed sites in SW France forests. Overall, oaks were significantly less defoliated among heterospecific neighbors (i.e., associational resistance), at both forest edge and interior. At the leaf level, guild diversity and leaf miner herbivory significantly increased with tree diversity regardless of oak location within stands. Other guilds showed no clear response to tree diversity or oak location. We showed that herbivore response to tree diversity varied among insect feeding guilds but not between forest edges and interior, with inconsistent patterns between sites. Importantly, we show that oaks were more defoliated in pure oak plots than in mixed plots at both edge and forest interior and that, on average, defoliation decreased with increasing tree diversity from one to seven species. We conclude that edge conditions could be interacting with tree diversity to regulate insect defoliation, but future investigations are needed to integrate them into the management of temperate forests, notably by better understanding the role of the landscape context.

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Tree Diversity Drives Forest Stand Resistance to Natural Disturbances

Cited by 351 publications

References 250 publications

Plant neighbour identity and invasive pathogen infection affect associational resistance to an invasive gall wasp

Plant neighbour identity and invasive pathogen infection affect associational resistance to an invasive gall wasp

Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Tree diversity drives associational resistance to herbivory at both forest edge and interior

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